- 期刊
網球選手擊球時吼聲對表現之心理效應
The psychological effect of grunting during a shot in elite tennis players
摘要
許多網球選手在擊球時發出吼聲，過去研究發現吼聲可能有利於力量型的工作表現，然而吼聲對表現的心理效應尚未有系統性的探討。目的：本研究探討網球選手和教練知覺吼聲對表現上的心理效應。方法：以一對一半結構式訪談與焦點團體訪談等資料蒐集的方法，分別晤談12位優秀網球選手與5位網球教練。有些選手表示自己不想發出吼聲，是教練所要求的，因此同時考量到選手與教練的觀點有助於釐清本研究的問題。訪談資料以內容分析法加以歸納，利用紮根理論形成一個多面向多階層的概念，在選手與教練觀點中分別找出具有意義且類似的4個高階主題，在選手觀點中另外歸納出「社會因素」的心理效應，最後形成吼聲對表現心理效應之階層概念。結果：本研究發現網球選手與教練對吼聲都持有正面的看法，也認同吼聲對表現具有心理效應（如：振奮精神、提升專注、降低壓力、能量調節、干擾對手等）。此外，社會因素也是吼聲的心理效應之重要因子，網球選手會受到社會影響而調整音量，以便增加或是減少他人的關注。結論：本研究發現吼聲對網球選手具有正向的心理效應，這些效益對運動表現有促進的作用。
並列摘要
Many tennis players grunt loudly while hitting shots. The psychological mechanism and the effects of grunting in tennis, however, has not yet been systematically studied. Purpose: This study explored the perceived psychological effects of grunting of elite tennis players and coaches by using a qualitative approach. Method: The one-to-one semi-structured and focus group interviews were utilized to collect opinions regarding how the interviewees felt and believed about grunting. This study purposefully selected 12 elite tennis players and 5 coaches. Some of the players indicated that grunting was a natural but some were unwilling by the coach requested. For further clarify our research questions, the combination of perspectives from both players and coaches should be helpful. The interview data was analyzed according to the grounded theory protocol and produced a multidimensional and hierarchical concept. Four similar, higher-order themes were generated from the content analysis of both interviewing groups. In the perspective of players, an extra theme ＂social factor＂ in grunting was conducted. Results: Both tennis players and coaches held positive views of grunting, and identified its psychological benefits in psyching up, enhancing attention, alleviating stress, regulating energy, and interfering opponents. In addition, players would adjust their tones of grunting to attempt to increase or decrease other's attention. Conclusion: The findings identify the psychological benefits of tennis players' grunting, which can enhance players' performance on the court.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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