性別差異之多元尺度空間意象分析：以流行插畫為刺激物

本研究企圖以實驗方法探索性別在圖像風格間之知覺差異。自大學設計系兩階段招募自願參與者，共計78 與82 人進行實驗，透過成對比較量表與偏好評分量表之施測，以多元尺度法（MDS）建立性別之流行插畫風格空間意像相似與偏好知覺圖。整體來看，風格的判斷應有兩個主要的軸向，一是主題意象，另一則是形式表現，與先前研究呼應。性別方面，對於男性參與者可以觀察出一個明顯的形式為主、主題為輔的風格判斷模式，而女性參與者則以主題判斷或與形式混搭。此外，女性會將運動競技與暴力戰鬥列入相似分類判準、亦會將運動競技列入偏好分類判準；男性會將濃情密意做為插畫相似與偏好的判準，對「男重氣概、女重氣質」的刻板印象提出不同面向的觀察結果。以上的結果，推測混合了先天生理特質與後天社會建構的影響。

關鍵字

性別差異；多元尺度；空間意象；流行插畫

並列摘要

This study attempts to explore gender differences in perception of pictorial styles by experimental methods. A total of 78 and 82 participants were recruited from the industrial and commercial design department of an institute for two periods. The perception mappings of similarity and preference in spatial images of genders to the popular illustration styles were established by the Multidimensional Scaling Method (MDS) through the pairwise comparison and preference score scales. On the whole, the judgments of style have two main axes: theme and form, and this echoes previous studies. In terms of gender, it can be found a clear pattern of style judgements as that male participants tend to utilize ＂form＂ as the main criterion and ＂theme＂ as secondary, while female counterparts utilize ＂theme＂ as the main one and ＂theme-form-mixture＂ as secondary. In addition, female participants tend to include ＂athletic competition＂ and ＂violent combat＂ in the same classification of similarity, and distribute ＂sporty athletics＂ to the preference category, while male participants seem to refer ＂sweet romance＂ to one classification in both similarity and preference assessments. This finding certainly challenges the stereotype of that males value manliness while females care about femininity. The above results suggest that the effects of congenital physiological traits and acquired social constructs are mixed.