The genus "Elatostema" (Urticaceae) in Taiwan is taxonomically revised based on morphological characters, molecular phylogeny and geographic distribution. "Elatostema acuteserratum" is not only found in Lanyu, but also in southern and eastern of Taiwan. "Elatostema herbaceifolium" is treated as a synonym of "E. cyrtandrifolium" and we also confirm the existence of its male inflorescence in Taiwan. "Elatostema yonakuniense" in Japan is treated as a synonym of "E. microcephalanthum" that is not an endemic species in Taiwan and Japan. "Elatostema multicanaliculatum" is treated as a synonym of "E. oblongifolium" and "E. platyphylloides" as a synonym of "E. platyphyllum" and these two taxa are no longer endemic species in Taiwan. In summary, there are a total of sixteen species in Taiwan, including one hybrid species.