硫酸銨、氯化銨、硝酸銨與尿素對流水稻之肥效比較地方試驗　第二年（一九五三年）

A Study on the Relative Availability of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate and Urea to Rice

林國謙(K.C. Lin) ； 王清演(C.Y. Wang)

《中華農業研究》 6卷1期 (1956/07) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.195607.0001

摘要

本試驗之目的，爲明瞭硫酸銨、氯化銨、硝酸銨及尿素四種肥料對水稻之肥效比較孰優孰劣。
本試驗於1953年第一、第二期作於羅東、臺北、新竹、苗栗、臺中、員林、嘉義、臺南、新營、鳳山、屏東等十個全省代表土壤地方舉行。
供試驗用之每種肥料各分四個施量平準，則旅氮量分爲0,40,80,120公斤／公頃，共中臺北、新竹、臺中採用裂區試驗設計，共十六處理，四重複，共餘七處採用隨機區組設計，共十三處理（氮0公斤／公頃只有一處理），四重複
試驗結果以變量分析法測定差異之顯著性。
由分析結果，可得下列結論：
1．肥料施量間之效應，不論在谷與藳方面所表現者，皆爲顯著，第一期作施氮量自0公斤／公頃遞增至120公斤／公頃，在谷與藳方面之產量亦依次顯著增加，但在第二期作，其施氣量在120公斤／公頃與80公斤／公頃兩者間之產量差異不甚顯著。
2．每公斤氮素所能增加之谷產量，依據氮素施用量、肥料種類及試驗地點互有差別，根據施氮量在80公斤／公頃者而討論時，第一期作硫酸銨可增產谷12.2公斤，藳20.2公斤，氯化銨可增產谷11.7公斤，藳19.1公斤，尿素可增產谷12.1公斤，藳16.3公斤，硝酸銨可增產谷3.2公斤，藳6.2公斤。於同一情形下，第二期作硫酸銨可增產谷7.2公斤，藳15.6公斤，氯化銨可增產谷6.9公斤，藳15.1公斤，尿素可增產谷5.5公斤，藳11.3公斤，硝酸銨可增產谷4.2公斤，藳7.8公斤。兩期作間，每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藳量互相比較時，第一期作皆優於第二期作（但臺中地區例外），在第二期作各種肥料每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藳量爲第一期作之一半以上。
3．就四種肥料間之肥效而言，由谷方面檢討，硫酸銨與氯化銨兩種間效果之差異不甚明顯；由藳方面討論，氣化銨之肥效似優於硫酸銨，尤在第二期作所表現者更爲明顯。
4．硫酸銨及氯化銨之肥效優於尿素，而此三種肥料之肥效皆優於硝酸銨，此優劣之差別，第一期作較第二期作更爲明顯。
5．赭土地區除硫酸銨外，第二期作概無增收。

並列摘要

This experiment was carried out in order to compare the availability of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate and Urea on the yield of rice.
The experiment was carried out for two crops in ten localities, namely, Lotung, Taipei, Hsinchu1 Miaoli, Taichung, Yuanlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Fengshan, and Pingtung, The amount of nitrogen were devided .in four levels, namely, 0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha. Fertilizers and quantities were combined to make 16 treatments which include 4 assumed treatments, then the actual treatments were 13. In Taipei, Hsinchu and Taichung the split plot design was adopted and randomized black design in others. The results according to statistical analysis may be concluded as follows:
1. The effect of the quantity of fertilizer is significant both in grain and straw. In the first crop, the yield was increased with the amount of fertilizer. In the second crop, however, the difference between the two treatments of 80 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha is not significant.
2. The increased amount of yield per kilogram of nitrogen is greatly affected by the amount of fertilizer, the kind of fertilizer and the locality. The increased amounts per kilogram of nitrogen at the level of 80 kg/ha are as follows:
(The form is abbreviated)
In general the yields in first crops are higher than those of second crop. The increased amounts of yield per kilogram of nitrogen in the first crop are about 1^1/2 times as much as those in second crop or even more.
3. As for the fertilizer effects on the yields of grain, we find no significant difference between Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride. Of straw, however, Ammonium Chloride seems to give a better effect than Ammonium Sulphate, especially in the second crop.
4. Either Ammonium Sulphate or Ammonium Chloride gives a better effect than Urea, but each of them including Urea exceeds Ammonium Nitrate, especially in the first crop the difference were more significant than in the second crop.
5. In the region of lateritic soil, those except Ammonium Sulphate do not actually incerase the yield in the second crop.