高山原住民部落因應氣候變遷之農業調適策略

Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change among Highland Indigenous Tribes

王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《台灣農學會報》 14卷5期 (2013/10) Pp. 491-505

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201310_14(5).0005

摘要

氣候變遷引發的社會經濟後果，為當前國際社會共同關切的核心議題。儘管全球暖化對人類社會造成全面性的影響，但是氣候變遷對原住民族群與高山農業的衝擊程度更為嚴峻。鑑此，本研究以尖石鄉馬里光溪流域原住民部落為對象，分別探討氣候變遷及其引發天然災害對高山農業發展之影響；分析高山部落農業因應氣候變遷衝擊所採行的調適措施。研究結果發現，個案部落對氣候變遷的感受，主要為山區溫度升高、降雨頻率增加、降霜情形改變、颱風頻率改變、氣候異常、發生土石流等現象增加，並以農作物收成不佳與農業適耕地改變的情形最為嚴重。其次，受訪部落因應氣候變遷的農業調適措施，主要運用豐富的山林資源、在地生態知識與傳統價值體系來降低氣候變遷的農業風險。重要的農業經營調適措施，包括改變農作物耕種方式、淘汰不適種之作物品種、引進溫室種植農作物、轉型有機耕作、採用自然農法管理、選擇與遷種適耕地點，以減少農作物受到天災之威脅。

關鍵字

泰雅族部落 ； 氣候變遷 ； 地區資本 ； 農業調適策略

並列摘要

The socio-economic consequences of climate change have attracted international attention in the past decades. Although global warming has changed natural and ecological conditions extensively, little is known about the impact of climate change on indigenous agriculture in high altitude mountain areas. Taking the Tayal tribe in Jianshi Township as an example, the aim of this study is to examine how climate change affects mountain agriculture and how responsive measures for adapting to climate variability have influenced farming activities. Using in-depth interviews, the research findings show compelling evidence that the indigenous peoples have perceived how climate variabilities have resulted in crop area changes due to deterioration of farming conditions, decreased crop productivity and crop quality, as well as increased risk of agricultural pests and diseases. In contrast, the rich natural resources, traditional ecological knowledge, and socio-cultural norms of the Tayal tribe play important roles in identifying adaptation options in the face of climate change. Locally initiated measures for adapting to climate change risk among the high-land indigenous peoples include adopting organic or natural farming practices, switching to alternative crops or new pest resistant varieties, and strengthening local capacity to reduce climate change vulnerability.

並列關鍵字

Tayal Tribe ； Climate Change ； Area Capital ； Agricultural Adaptation strategry