Dietary Exposure to Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements for the Population of Hanoi, Vietnam

越南河內居民之必需及潛在毒性元素的飲食暴露

Helle Marcussen ； Bodil H Jensen ； Annette Petersen ； Peter E Holm

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 22卷2期 (2013/04) Pp. 300-311

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.2.06

摘要

在快速開發之東南亞國家如越南，對於其飲食攝取必需及潛在毒性元素的所知有限。在亞洲，鐵和鋅缺乏是一項眾所周知的問題，部分原因來自於米飯是構成飲食的主體。但飲食習慣正改變中，需要獲取更多新知，俾有關當局能給予適當之飲食建議。本篇研究的目的在於確立必需和潛在毒性元素之總膳食攝取量，並評估河內市一般飲食之營養品質及食品安全風險。將所有食物定義成22項食物類別，每一食物類別各收集14個樣本，樣本主要來自市場和／或超級市場，時間為2007-2009年間。空心菜、水芹菜、水田芥、水含羞草、池水魚，這些食物通常會藉由汙水養殖系統來生產。因此，這些樣本之收集包含來自市場與汙水養殖系統。研究結果顯示，大部分的河內市食物中只含有極少或無危害風險之毒性元素。再者，來自汙水養殖的產品中，其所含的元素量極低，關於潛在毒性元素之含量亦不構成問題。將河內市飲食中必需元素之平均攝取量與需要量相比較，顯示河內飲食所含元素大部分皆足夠。然而，飲食中鈣、鉻、鐵、鉀及鋅可能不足，為此，加強飲食多樣性及生物強化或許可提供解決之道。

關鍵字

必需元素 ； 毒性元素 ； 飲食攝取 ； 飲食調查 ； 河內市

並列摘要

Knowledge of the dietary intake of essential and toxic elements in fast-developing Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam is limited. Iron and Zn deficiency in Asia is a well-known problem and is partly due to rice constituting a major part of the diet. Dietary habits are changing and there is a need to build more knowledge so authorities can give dietary recommendations. The aim of this study was to determine the total dietary intake of essential and potentially toxic elements and to assess the nutritional quality and food safety risks of the average Hanoi diet. Twenty-two foods or food groups were identified and 14 samples of each food group were collected from markets and/or supermarkets in the period 2007-2009. Water spinach, water dropwort, watercress, water mimosa and pond fish are typically produced in wastewater-fed systems. Therefore, these samples were collected both at markets and from wastewater-fed production systems. The results showed little or no risk of toxic elements from the Hanoi diet in general. Further, element contributions from wastewater-fed products were low and does not seem to constitute a problem with respect to potentially toxic elements. A comparison of the average Hanoi dietary intake of essential elements to required intakes shows that the Hanoi diet is sufficient in most elements. However, the diet may be insufficient in Ca, Cr, Fe, K and possibly Zn for which dietary diversification of biofortification might provide solutions.

並列關鍵字

essential elements ； toxic elements ； dietary intake ； diet survey ； Hanoi