《論語》中“知者”的地位與意義試探

Discussion about the Position and the Meaning of "The Wise Man" in Lun yu

林明照(Ming-Chao Lin)

《哲學與文化》 26卷8期 (1999/08) Pp. 766-771

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199908.0766

摘要

「仁」是孔子强調的最高德性境界，「仁者」即是實現此德性的人格表現。而在論語中，我們卻也發現，孔子不只一次的將「仁者」與「智者」並列而論，並且多次言及「知者」本身。本文即嘗試就論語中「知者」所特具的地位及其內在意義提出討論。全文分四部分：第一部分先就論語中，「知者」的生命內涵及其所表現出的生命形態。第二部分則討論孔子對於「知」的態度，指出孔子言及人「知」這能力時，是就「在位」或「政事」的領域而論。第三部分即正式討論「知者」在論語中的地位，指出「知者」與「爲政舉措」間的密切關聯。第四部分則就「知者」的內在意義，關聯前文的討論，提出說明。

關鍵字

知 ； 知者 ； 知者動 ； 在位 ； 政事 ； 知者藥水 ； 不惑 ； 為政舉措 ； 命 ； 人事價值

並列摘要

”Benevolence”　（仁） is the best of one's personality in ideas, and ”the benevolent man' （仁者） is the one who fulfills this kind of virtue in his self-discipline. Since in Lun u （《論語》） ”the benevolent man” is sometimes discussed together with another kind of personality, ”the wise man” （知者） and Confucius even clarifies the concept of ”the wise man” several times in the text, this essay focuses on the illustration of the specific theoretical position and the textual meaning of ”the wise man” in Lun Yu. This essay is divided into four parts. Firstly, the argument in this part deals with the content and the style of the wise man's life according to the passages where ”the wise man” is expounded with ”the benevolent man” in Lun yu. Secondly, from Confucius' attitude toward ”wisdom” （知）, this part tries to point out that in Confucius' view, the ability of ”wisdom” is closely linked with men in public positions or affairs of state. Thirdly, the third part explores the wise man's position in Lint u and figures out the relationship between ”the wise man” and the politics. Finally, the argument in the fourth part intends to draw a conclusion on the signification of ”the wise man” from the discussion above.

並列關鍵字

Wisdom ； the Wise Man ； The Wise Man is Active ； in a Public Position ； Affairs of State ； The Wise Man Appreciates Water ； Without Confusion ； Political Measures and Selection Policy ； Destiny ； Earthly Value