球根花卉線蟲病害之發生及防治

Occurrence and control of nematode diseases on bulbous flowers.

蔡東纂(T. T. Tsay) ； 程永雄(Y. H . Cheng) ； 陳弘毅(H. Y. Cheng) ； 林奕耀(Y. Y. Lin) ； 吳文希(W. S. Wu)

《植物病理學會刊》 4卷4期 (1995/12) Pp. 180-192

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199512_4(4).0005

摘要

本省栽培之15科26種球根花卉主要病原線蟲為南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)及南方根瘤線蟲(Pratylenchus colfeae)。葉芽線蟲(Aphelenchoides besseyi) 危害小蒼蘭引起之心葉萎縮和畸形病變為本省之首報。土壤植前混拌處理對晚香玉南方根瘤線蟲及南方根瘤線蟲之效果，依序為施用芬滅松、幾丁質添加物、尿素及烏肥者。以厚0.4公分、直徑15公分、長35公分之塑膠管中盛裝每百公克合600隻之南方根瘤線蟲病土，混拌重量比0.1及1.0%之尿素，再以0.25毫米厚之透明塑膠布覆蓋後，分別於第3及6星期後撿查不出線蟲活體。田間每公頃施用500公斤尿素，並覆蓋相同塑膠布一個月後土壤中根瘤線蟲密度幾近於零，效果和施用芬滅松者相近，可供防治上之參考。罹南根瘤線蟲之大岩桐種球於浸泡歐殺滅、滅線蟲及芬滅松一小時後，可降低線蟲感染率73.6、61.1及68.3%，但未達檢疫防疫處理標準。以溴化甲烷在18±2 C，50 mmHg下滅壓燻蒸處理試管中之葉芽線蟲，於每立方公尺100公克施用量下，30分鐘即可殺死所有線蟲活體及卵；劑量降低，處理時間相對增長。

關鍵字

球根花卉 ； 線蟲病害 ； 防治 ； 太陽能 ； 尿素 ； 浸藥 ； 減壓燻蒸

並列摘要

Meloidgyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae were important plant-parasitic nematodes of bulbous flowers in Taiwan. Symptoms on aerial parts of infected plants include reduced vigor, dwarfed leaves and shoots, chlorosis, wilting, defoliation and reduced flower quality (stem length, flower size and number). Freesia bud crinkling caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi was a first report in Taiwan. Green house tests indicated that phenamiphose, chitinous amendment, urea and Ca(CN)_2 treatments were effective at varying degrees on the reduction of M. incognita and P. coffeae populations. Amendment of 0.1 and 1.0% (W/ W) urea to nematode contaminated soil in plastic tube s mulched with 0.25 mm thick transparent polyethylene sheets resulted in an elimination of the nematodes contained in the soil. The nematode remained undetectable until the sixth week after treatment. Field experiments further indicated that addition of urea at 500 Kg/ha dosage in combiation with polyethylene sheets mulching prior to plan ting gave very good control of nematode as that by nematicide, The soaking treatment of M. incognita infecled Gloxinia tuberous roots in oxamyl, phenamiphose and nemamort for 1 hour resulted in 73.6, 61.1 and 68.6% reduction of root gall formation. Melhyl bromide fumigation at reduced pressures (50 mmHg) at 18 ± 2 C was found effective in killing both nematode and the egg mass of Aphelenchoides besseyi; the effective dosage was at 100 g/m^3 for 30 minutes.

並列關鍵字

Bulbous flower ； nematode diseases ； control methods ； urea ； mulching ； soaking ； reduced pressure fumigation