六種殺蟲劑對三種土壤線蟲的影響

The Nematicidal Effects of Six Insecticides on Three Soil Inhabitant Nematodes

葉耀仁(Y. J. Yeh) ； 蔡東纂(T. T. Tsay) ； 陳佩臻(P. Chen)

《植物病理學會刊》 21卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 11-19

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201203_21(1).0002

摘要

本研究針對兩種不同寄生方式的植物寄生性線蟲南方根瘤線蟲（Meloidogyen incognita Chitwood,1949）、南方根腐線蟲（Pratylenchus coffeae Zimmerman,1898）與一種土中常見的腐生性線蟲（Rhabditis sp. Goodey），測試田間最常施用6種不同類別的殺蟲劑種類：合成除蟲菊、有機磷劑、氨基甲酸鹽、沙蠶毒素類、農用抗生素及新菸鹼類，評估它們對非目標線蟲是否具有防治線蟲的潛力。結果顯示阿巴汀（Abamectin）和培丹（Cartap）對南方根瘤線蟲具有強烈毒殺能力，而阿巴汀與佈飛松（Profenofos）對南方根腐線蟲具有強烈毒殺能力，益達胺（Imidacloprid）對上述兩種植物寄生性線蟲接只具微弱毒殺能力。而對腐生性線蟲而言，阿巴汀、培丹及佈飛松具有強烈毒殺能力，丁基加保扶（Carbosulfan）和益達胺則皆呈現微弱毒殺能力。對於根瘤線蟲的卵孵化率，阿巴汀、培丹、及百滅寧（Permethrin）於3次試驗中出現兩次與對照組有顯著差異，抑制效果最好。對於南方根瘤二齡幼蟲侵染抑制的效果最為顯著的為阿巴汀和培丹，南方根腐線蟲則除此兩者外還有丁基加保扶亦可顯著抑制侵染。在盆缽試驗中，結果顯示部分藥劑確實可抑制兩種測試植物寄生性線蟲族群、根瘤指數或是根腐指數，但效果不穩定，與實際有效防治門檻還有一些距離。

關鍵字

阿巴汀 ； 丁基加保扶 ； 培丹 ； 益達胺 ； 殺蟲劑 ； 佈飛松 ； 植物寄生性線蟲

並列摘要

Six insecticides from pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate, nereistoxin, agricultural antibiotics and neonicotine categories were tested against 2 plant parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyen incognita Chitwood, 1949, and Pratylenchus coffeae Zimmerman, 1898) and one free-living nematodes (Rhabditis sp. Goodey). The results indicated that abamectin and cartap had the strongest nematicidal effects on M. incognita juveniles; while abamectin and profenofos had similar effects on P. coffeae. Abamectin, cartap and profenofos had strong nematicidal effects on Rhabditis sp.. Imidacloprid had no nematicidal effects on all three nematodes tested. In the egg hatching rate experiments, abamectin, cartap and permethrin showed inhibition to M. incognita egg hatching rates in 2 out of three experiments. Abamectin and cartap decreased the penetration rate of M. incognita, while abamectin, cartap and carbosulfan decreased that of P. coffeae. The results in the pot experiments indicated some insecticides tested decreased the root knot galling index and root lesion index, but the nematicidal effects were not consistent throughout experiments, and could not reach the economic threshold. However, all six insecticides consistently decreased P. coffeae populations in soil.

並列關鍵字

abamectin ； carbosulfan ； cartap ； imidacloprid ； insecticides ； profenofos ； plant parasitic nematodes