不均等發展與中國政策分析：重慶直轄市的個案分析

Uneven Development and China's Regional Policy: A Case Study of Chongqing

楊友仁(Yeou-Ren Yang) ； 王鴻楷(Hung-Kai Wang)

《城市與設計學報》 11&12期 (2000/03) Pp. 97-148

https://doi.org/10.30008/CD.200003.0004

摘要

1997年3月中國政府設立重慶直轄市，納入原為四川省管轄的部分地區，使得重慶成為面積超過八萬平方公里、人口達三千萬的超大城市，本文主要檢視重慶直轄市的空間結構與發展動力，並與中國的區域化論述及相關區域發展和城鄉轉化理論作一對話。重慶基本上處於「核心—邊陲」的空間結構中，「中心集中—梯度分散」的工業空間模式是其主要支撐，在過去十年沒有太大改變，區域差距仍然很大，直轄市化後財政資源有大幅成長，集中在主城與地區中心的財政投資顯示重慶新的城市化發展策略，「核心—邊陲」空間結構與中心都會區浮現的「鉅型城市」形成重慶作為一個內陸城市區域特殊的發展機制，官方的區域化論述—「長江上游經濟中心」的成長極擴散作用與「大城市帶大農村」的城市體系功能有相當的限制。本文認為必須超越官方的「區域化論述」並釐清其與西方相關理論的混亂連結才能掌握中國區域發展與差距的實際複雜面向，應用西方理論架構的中國城市區域研究必須能夠涵蓋制度面以及行動者的分析，並重視地域性差異的考慮，中國區域空間發展的理論性建構仍需更多的經驗研究，特別是關於佔大半面積與人口的中西部地區。

關鍵字

重慶 ； 中國大陸 ； 不均等發展 ； 區域發展 ； 城鄉轉化 ； 社會主義城市化 ； 區域化論述 ； 內陸城市 ； 空間結構

並列摘要

In March 1997, Chongqing was instituted as a municipality directly under the central government, which includes some areas that were formerly governed by the Sichuan province, and made Chongqing a giant city that contains over 80,000k m^2territory and 30 million population. This article aims to investigate the spatial structure and development dynamics of Chongqing municipality as well as to have dialogue with China's regionalism and related regional development and urban-rural transition theories. Basically Chongqing municipality was situated in the ”core-peripheral” structure, of which the ”centrally concentrated-gradually dispersed” pattern of the industrial space was the main architecture, and this structure has seldom been changed during the past ten years, the regional disparities are still very large. After Chongqing becomes a central state administrated municipality, its fiscal resources increased considerably, and the concentration of the fiscal investments on the downtown and local centers revealed the new urban-biased development strategy. The ”core-peripheral” spatial structure and the ”megacity” that has been emerging from the central metropolis constitute the special mechanisms of Chongqing's development as an interior city-region. The official regionalism of Chongqing-the growth pole's spread effects of the ”economic center of the upstream Yangtze River” and the urban system's function of ”large city brings up large country” confronts considerable restrictions. This article argues that one must get beyond the state's official 'regionalisms' and unhook their messy linkages with referred western theories to capture the real complex dimensions for understanding China's regional development and its disparities. Applying the western theoretical frameworks to China's urban and regional studies must involve the perspective of institution and agency as well as taking the spatial differentiation into serious account. The theoretical construction of China's regional and spatial development still needs more empirical studies, especially those concern in the enormous middle and western areas of China.

並列關鍵字

Chongqing ； Mainland China ； Uneven Development ； Regional Development ； Urban-Rural Transition ； Socialist Urbanization ； Regionalism ； Interior Cities ； Spatial Structure