追尋犯罪被害人的正義之路：從福利到修復、從控制到重分配

Tracking down the Crime Victim's Road of Justice: From Welfare to Restoration and from Control to Redistribution

黃蘭媖(Lan-Ying Huang)

《社會政策與社會工作學刊》 11卷2期 (2007/12) Pp. 34-77

https://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.200712.0034

摘要

回顧歷史上犯罪被害人權益運動的軌跡，正義常是隱而未顯的主題。由於正義的概念如此複雜與多元，我們很少用此概念進行探討或實證研究，然而，正義始終是刑事司法的主軸與哲學根基，亦是支撐被害人保護的主要理論基礎。本文的目的在運用正義的概念描述與區分政府保護犯罪被害人的行動。這個概念架構將被害保護件爲分爲四類一被害人復歸、補償與協助、被害預防及重複被害預防。分類的標準有二：對於被害事件危害的看法以及採用預防或回復的觀點。這個架構除了可以協助我們瞭解國際上被害者保護的歷史演進，亦可以用在跨國比較以及探討一國的被害者保護運動焦點的變遷。本文運用以上架構佐以實證資料，描述與分析了過去歐美政府被害保護作爲的貢獻與限制，最後提出兩點小結：第一，回顧西歐與北美犯罪被害人追求正義的歷史，可觀察出從控制到重分配、從福利到修復的趨勢；第二，本文提出的整合架構有助於瞭解如何運用多元學科的知識，建構一個在現有刑事司法框架中更符合被害人需求與利益的政策與實務。

關鍵字

犯罪被害人保護 ； 正義 ； 重分配正義 ； 修復式正義

並列摘要

Looking back at the history of victim movement, 'justice' has often been a hidden theme. Due to its complexity, it was rarely brought up in previous empirical studies. However, 'justice' has always been one of the basic pillars for governments' actions on victim protection. The current paper aims to apply the concept of 'Justice' to describe and categorize victim protection actions by the governments. Victim protection actions can be grouped into four areas: victim compensation, victim-offender mediation conferences, primary victimization prevention, and the prevention of repeat victimization. Each area represents a different view of addressing harm. The new framework is valuable for tow reasons: first, it helps us to articulate the historical changes of international victim movements: second, it enhances cross-national comparisons or longitudinal studies of victim protection practices. Through analysis of the extant evidence in the Northern America and Western Europe, I outline the achievement and hindrance of governmental efforts in protecting crime victims. I conclude that there are two trends in victim protection strategies: from welfare to restoration and from control to redistribution. I then suggest that victim protection policy and practice may benefit from more research from multidisciplinary fields in order to construct a system within the current criminal justice framework that serves the needs and protects the rights of victims.

並列關鍵字

crime victim protection ； justice ； redistributive justice ； restorative justice

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