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楊貴妃在當代東亞－論文藝的形象塑造與生命解讀
Yang Gui-fei in Modern East Asia: A Discussion on Moulding Image and Analysing Life in Art
摘要
若還原為史事緣由，楊玉環之入宮為貴妃，或即白樂天所言玄宗「漢皇重色思傾國」；至其受縊馬嵬坡，則蓋充「代罪羔羊」之故。然而環繞此唐代女子之種種文學藝術作品，眾多創作者卻不甘僅從事於「客觀描述」，反而增添各式想像。其間視點之奇特，詮解之精采，頗有還原史事之路數所不能抑遏。楊貴妃故事之文藝創作，不僅歷時多變，即近代討論此等創作文本，亦豐富而全面。唯創作既歷時而更新，則論述亦需隨時而闡微。本文擇取當代華人作家，及日本的電影、小說，以廣徵楊貴妃故事之種種變化。主軸略有幾事可說：一是楊貴妃與玄宗之知遇；二是楊貴妃作為生命主體之性格；三是馬嵬坡之後，究竟發生何事？其中，以南宮搏最能貼近現實的貴妃困境，及其生命成長；而余光中最能聚焦於二人相遇之核心：「愛」，遂以「蓮」為託喻之新意象；溝口努力呈現二人現實上的受制於人，與藝術的天分，由是有同病之相憐與知音之相惜，及女性在愛中之大勇；而夢枕獏則取貴妃復活之傳說，敷衍成與性、自由和瘋狂相關等議題。故當代東亞以楊貴妃為中心之文藝創作，亦成考察性、性別、人文學三者如何交會的絕佳題材。
並列摘要
If we pursue a historical truth, the reason that Yang Yu-huan became a consort is perhaps the emperor's erotic desire, as Bai Le-tian said in his poem, and as to her death by hanging in Ma-wei-po, it is explained that she was a scapegoat. But, according to the literature and art concerning this woman of the Tang dynasty, many writers and artists are not satisfied with objectively describing, instead, they add a variety of imaginations. And the unique perspective and brilliant interpretation can not be suppressed by restoring the history. The artistic works about the story of Yang Gui-fei not only vary in different times but also get abundant and overall discussion in the modern time. Since the works are renewed as time goes by, the discussion should also continue. This essay chooses modern chinese writers as well as the movies and the novels in Japan, to show the change of the story of Yang Gui-fei. There are several main points: first, the appreciation between the emperor and Yang Gui-fei; second, the personality of Yang Gui-fei as a subject in life; third, what happened actually after the event of Ma-wei-po? Among these writers, Nan-gung-po can best convey the consort's dilemma and progress in life; Yu Kuang-chung is good at focusing on the love, which is the main element of their meeting, using lotus as a new image to similize; Mizoguchi makes an effort to present their talent of art and realistic difficulty, from which they appreciate each other, and women's courage in love is also presented by him; Baku Yumemakura takes the legend of the consort's surviving and develops it with the topic of madness. Thus, the artistic works centering on Yang Gui-fei are the best materials to observe how the sex, gender, and humanism meet each other.