音樂欣賞教學的另一種思維－以文學改編作品“茶花女”之引導賞析為例

音樂欣賞教學是帶領學生從聲音找尋感動的過程。光是介紹樂曲背景、作曲家生平、講解音樂理論，或以形容詞描繪聲響來引導教學，不足以拉近學生與古典音樂之間的距離。要讓學生體會音樂為有生命跡象的有機體，需輔以「分析」的方式來「鎖住」其注意力－此為「凝聽」的訓練。藉由分析，使學生對曲式輪廓、樂句進行、與和聲色彩轉換等產生邏輯概念。此外，若在凝聽的過程中加入想像力，則對作品較易產生共鳴。然如何啟發學生對音樂的想像力，找尋共鳴的切入點？欣賞改編自文學的音樂作品可視為一個踏板。在接觸音樂之前，要求學生閱讀原著感受其中情節轉折與人物互動，再將此經驗轉移到欣賞音樂的過程。藉由音樂特殊而強烈的表現語彙使學生對作品當中的情感元素有更深刻的體會。本文以義大利作曲家威爾第改編自法國作家小仲馬小說《茶花女》的歌劇為例，示範如何以分析之手法逐句逐段導聆樂曲，並輔以小說文本與音樂相互對應介紹的教學方式。期待學生透過不同領域知識的結合能拓展其美感經驗，並從凝聽音樂的過程感受音樂本身的巨大力量。

關鍵字

通識教育；音樂欣賞；音樂與文學；茶花女；威爾第

並列摘要

To lead the students to experience the beauty of music is the purpose of teaching music appreciation, especially in the classical music. It is not sufficient to shorten the gap between the students and the music by introducing the related knowledge of the music, such as the life of composers, the music theory, and the music history. Using some adjectives to depict the feel of sonority can neither serve as a good method. Analyzing the music on board is the way to assist them to realize the logic of the music as well as to solicit students' attention. It is called ”active listening.” On the board, the form, the harmonic progression, the formation of the phrasing, the modulation of tonality, and even the change of texture can be marked clearly. So the students will capture the musical format quickly and follow the sound easily. Besides, the imagination is also an important element for teaching the appreciation course. How to prompt students' imagination? The compositions adapted from literature origins, such as novels, can be viewed as a medium to inspire their imagination. Before their listening to the music, they are required to read the related novels. It makes them understand the plots, sense the characters of the roles and the sentiment described in the novels, and motivate the imagination. Therefore, as the students listen to the music they can appreciate the music facilely and deeply. The study is going to demonstrate the teaching process by taking examples from the Verdi's opera ”La Traviata” adapted from Alexandre Dumas filis's novel ”La Dame aux Camélias.” It includes how to guide the students to read the novel, how to help them to draw on the imagination inspired by the novel to music listening, and how to analyze the music to have students' access the music well. It hopes to expand the students' field of vision by combining different realms of knowledge and to maximize students' learning efficiency.