Exploring the Zen Meditation Experiences of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Focus-Group Approach

禪坐經驗與歷程─台灣廣泛性焦慮症病人焦點團體研究

呂雀芬(Chueh-Fen Lu) ； 羅蘭史密斯(Lorraine Nancy Smith) ； 高千惠(Chen-Huei Gau)

《The Journal of Nursing Research》 20卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 43-52

https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0b013e3182466e83

摘要

背景 有關禪坐的研究已超過半世紀，然主要以量性研究為主，其效果仍在爭論，欠缺主體經驗之理解。台灣禪坐普及且廣泛性焦慮症之流行率頗高，故以此類患者之禪坐經驗為本研究焦點。目的 廣泛性焦慮症病人之禪坐經驗分析。方法 採目的性取樣於一教學醫院之精神科門診為研究場域，以海德格（Heidegger）詮釋現象學理論視框為本研究之中心研究法。研究參與者共兩組（N = 9及12），先後各進行六次的禪坐課程及焦點團體。資料收集的方式包括焦點團體、日記及田野筆記，並運用研究者及資料三角校正、長期參與、持續觀察、參與者檢核等方法，以增加研究之嚴謹度。結果 顯現「禪坐歷程」之主要主題詮釋禪坐歷程之轉換現象，包含努力尋求寧靜、進步徵象以及個別化歷程三類目。其中進步徵象包括：尋找個人化的方式增進專注、對時間感受的改變及調整禪坐目標三個徵象。結論／實務應用 本研究詮釋了禪坐對廣泛性焦慮症患者的意義，包括研究參與者之此有狀態對禪坐經驗之形塑以及呈現禪坐歷程多樣貌的現象。禪坐之過程性面向詮釋，可補充量性研究結果，並可為另類療法如指導廣泛性焦慮症病人禪坐之參考。

關鍵字

廣泛性焦慮症 ； 禪坐 ； 焦點團體 ； 海德格詮釋現象學

並列摘要

Background: Most of the many studies on the efficacy of meditation on anxiety disorders over the past half century have been quantitatively studied and lacked consensus. Studies into the experiences of meditation practitioners are lacking. Taiwan has a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), and Zen meditation is popular.Purpose: This study provides a deeper understanding of Zen meditation practice experience among patients with GAD in Taiwan.Methods: The study site was a psychiatric outpatient department in a general hospital in Taiwan. Two groups of adult patients with GAD (n = 9) and without any kind of meditation experience (n = 12) enrolled in and attended a Zen meditation program. Heidegger's phenomenology was the core framework used to guide data interpretation. Researchers used six-session focus groups, diaries, and field notes to collect data. To boost trustworthiness, researchers applied investigator triangulation, data triangulation, prolonged engagement, persistent observation, and group debriefing (feedback).Results: A major theme, ”The process of Zen meditation,” emerged. It was underpinned by the three categories: ”struggling to reach a state of calm,” ”signs of improvement,” and ”an individual process.” Signs of improvement included ”finding a personal way to enter a state of calm,” ”changing the sense of time,” and ”adjusting Zen meditation practice goals.”Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The there-being state (dasein) of participants shaped their understanding of Zen meditation practice. Findings revealed the diverse ”phenomena-featuring process” aspect of Zen meditation practice. Findings provide a better understanding of essential elements of Zen meditation complementing quantitative studies and may be used by professionals who intend to apply Zen meditation as an alternative therapy for patients with GAD.

並列關鍵字

generalized anxiety disorder ； Zen meditation ； focus groups ； Heidegger's interpretative phenomenology

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