提升台灣稻米競爭力之制度面分析－契作關係與配套措施

Strengthening the Competitiveness of Taiwan Rice through Contract Farming

陸雲(Alan Yun Lu)

《農業與資源經濟》 4卷2期 (2007/12) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.29796/ARE.200712.0001

摘要

爲因應加入世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization, WTO)對稻米產業的衝擊，配合品牌的高品質高價格市場競爭策略應爲較可靠的因應對策。然而此一提升競爭力策略能否成功實施，端視碾米廠與稻農的契作關係能否穩定建立以生產高品質的稻穀。本文因此從組織經濟學的角度，嘗試就碾米廠與稻農間的契作關係進行分析，並提出制度面相關配套措施以及法規政策的建議。本文首先審視政府過去的稻米政策；其次說明在加入WTO後碾米廠所採行的兩種競爭策略，即低價與普通品質策略，以及高價與高品質策略；然後分從組織經濟、最適治理結構(governance structure)理論、以及碾米廠的競爭策略，分析現行碾米廠與稻農的互動關係，並說明契作爲此一互動關係的最適選擇；最後提出對象包括稻農、碾米廠、農會、以及消費者，內容包括法規修正、組織整合與建立、文宣作爲、以及彈性契作價格制度等制度面配套措施，以及其他相關的政策建議。

關鍵字

稻米契作 ； 競爭策略 ； 治理結構 ； 法規制度

並列摘要

In order to overcome the low-cost challenge from imports after WTO accession, Taiwan rice industry needs to adopt a high-quality and high-price marketing strategy. The success of this strategy, however, depends on whether stable contract farming for rice can be maintained and other supporting measures. This paper thus analyzes from the perspective of organizational and institutional economics how a stable contract farming for rice could be successfully established in Taiwan. Besides the introduction of Taiwan's rice policy and the current competing strategy by rice processors, this paper first confirms that the optimal trading relationship between rice farmers and rice processors is contract farming based on a governance structure analysis. Then the paper analyzes the factors contributing to a stable and successful contracting farming for rice. To ensure that a stable contract farming can be successfully implemented, this paper proposes a series of measures including adopting flexible contract pricing, maintaining fair trading environment, eliminating governmental purchases, encouraging contact farming between farmers organizations and rice processors, promoting merger of regional rice processors, etc.