3S於觀光遊憩災害潛勢分析－以遊樂區預測虎頭峰出沒為例

GIS、GPS與RS合稱3S，地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，簡稱GIS）具有對於空間資料的儲存、查詢、分析、展示、及成果圖繪製等能力，在從事觀光遊憩的相關研究課題時，GIS提供了空間分佈(Spatial Distribution)展示以及其他的分析功能，全球衛星定位系統（Global Position system，簡稱GPS）於調查工作時用以取得測站的座標，而遙測（Remote Sensing，簡稱RS）是利用飛機或人造衛星等載具在高空，運用各種感測器，偵測拍攝地球上的各種景物，而達到偵測出地面景物之種類、狀況、大小等性質，遙測技術提供了地面上大範圍、大面積的資訊獲取能力。虎頭蜂對遊客攻擊是遊樂區中常發生的遊憩災害之一，遊客在戶外遭虎頭蜂螫咬，時有所聞。對於虎頭蜂攻擊的災害防治，如果能夠事先提供給遊客虎頭蜂攻擊的災害預報資訊，將可有效避免虎頭蜂螫咬災害，有別於以往人工紀錄與運算處理，結合這三者進行戶外遊樂區研究調查研究，能有效地快速收集到調查資料而進行分析，尤其是在面對大範圍研究區時，更能夠節省大量的人力物力。本文運用此三種科技工具並結合類神經網路(Neural Network)建立預測模式，對於尚無觀測資料的其他遊樂區，能提供災害潛勢預測圖以及根據預測結果做成遊客步行路徑建議，希望對於防止觀光遊憩災害能有所幫助。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統；衛星定位系統；遙測；遊憩災害預測；類神經網路

並列摘要

To sum up, GIS, GPS and RS are three types of information systems that have major application for the field of recreation hazard prediction. The functions of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are storage, retrieval, analysis, and exhibition of spatial data. GIS allows the exhibition of spatial distributions and analysis that is extremely helpful in researching the tourism and recreation industries. Global Position Systems (GPS) can find the coordinates of locations that need to be studied. Remote sensing (RS) uses several kinds of sensors in airplanes and satellites to capture images of the earth. RS also provides us with information about many large ground areas. Using 3S, is different from manual recording, as this strategy can collect and analyze data effectively and quickly in the research of recreation area. It is especially useful in large area research as it can save manpower and resources. This article uses 3S and Neural Networks to build a prediction model. The model can provide a risk-forecasting map and give suggestions to tourists about the walking paths they should follow according to the result of predictions. The prediction model is extremely helpful in avoiding tourism hazards and increasing tourist safety.