澎湖普庵派法師之召營咒及其曲調

The Mediumistic Chants for "Calling out Five-Camp" by Pu-An Ritual Masters in Penghu Village Temples

馬上雲(Shang-Yun Ma)

《臺灣音樂研究》 5期 (2007/10) Pp. 19-45

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200710.0002

摘要

〈召營咒〉是法師在儀式裏調召五營兵馬前來壇場的咒語，五營包含東、南、西、北、中營，各營兵馬為九夷軍、八蠻軍、六戒軍、五狄軍與三秦軍，五營兵馬是法師在執行儀式的過程裏，得以差遣、號令的兵力，召營則是法師儀式的重要步驟與特徵之一。本文以澎湖宮廟普庵派法師主持的犒軍、操營、造橋儀式為觀察例，這些儀式裏皆有以調召五營兵馬前來的段落，所用的咒語建立在近似的文句架構與內容。然而這些類似的咒語，在不同儀式裏卻以不同的曲調呈現，探尋諸曲調的內容，可發現其中之一是衍生自法師本身請神咒裏的【觀音調】曲調；其餘則是引用了南管唱腔的【將水令】、【逐水流】等曲調。根據初步推測，不同的曲調乃欲呈現不同的意義；引用請神咒曲調者，乃欲呈現法術上的企圖，即法師藉由引用觀音菩薩的請神咒曲調，來隱喻觀音鎮伏五營之能力，並保護儀式執行者自身；而引用南管唱腔者，在曲目選擇上或直接借用戲曲裏號令兵馬時習用之曲調，或循用儀式中演出觀音降臨情節時的曲調，再藉這些曲調來歌唱調召五營兵馬的唱詞。

關鍵字

召營 ； 咒語曲調 ； 法師 ； 儀式音樂

並列摘要

”Calling out Five-Camp” (召五營) is a procedure in the diverse rituals executed by Pu-An ritual masters. ”Five-Camp”, five legions of the spiritual armies, is composed of the East, South, West, North, and Central Camp. Each camp has its own leader, representative color and number. In the process of ritual, ”Five-Camp” is commanded by the ritual master, Hua-Su (法師).This paper is focused on the chants of ”calling out Five-Camp” which are collected from the rituals, Kho-Kun (稿軍), Chho-Iang (操營), and Cho-Kio (造橋). Their texts are based on similar contents; however, they are chanted in different melodies.According to the primary study, these melodies originated from two different systems of music, one is from the repertory of Hua-Su's chants, another is from the popular Nankuan. The purpose of the paper then is to explore why the similar texts presented in different repertories of melodies. The tentative conclusion is that the different repertories of music are applied to distinguish different ritual spheres.

並列關鍵字

"calling out Five-Camp" ； the chant of mediumistic texts ； ritual master ； ritual music