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《戰國縱橫家書》之蘇秦思維方法探析

Analysis on Su Qin's Thinking in Describing Zong Hen Clique during the Warring States

摘要


1973年12月馬堆三號墓中發現一部類似《戰國策》的帛書,其中保存了已被埋沒兩千多年關於蘇秦的可信書信資料,特別是前十四章內容,既可以糾正有關蘇秦歷史的許多根本錯誤,又可以校正和補充這一段戰國時代的歷史紀錄。本文從哲學思想的研究進路切入,針對《戰國縱橫家書》之中有關蘇秦與燕王、齊王的書信內容進行研究。本文指出蘇秦書信的內容結構包括:訊息掌握、立場定位、形勢分析、對應策略、效益評估與提出要求。每一思想層面都貫穿著說服性之思維方法。分析其思維方法包括:類比法、對比法、多難論法、層次分析引導法及主體轉換演繹法;並將這些思維方法與先秦各家比較,透過蘇秦思維方法的釐清,將有助於先秦名辯邏輯史的補充建構與未來發展。

並列摘要


In December 1973, a book copied on silk similar to ”Zhan Guo Ce” was discovered in Number Three Tomb of Ma Wang Dui. It preserved the reliable letters about Su Qin which has been buried for more than 2,000 years. The previous 14 chapters, in particular, can correct the essential errors of history about Su Qin, and further revise and supplement the record during the Warring States. From perspective of philosophical thinking, this study probes into the letters about Su Qin, King Yan and King Chi in Describing ”Zong Hen Clique during the Warring States”. It suggests that content structure of Su Qin letters includes control of information, positioning, situation analysis, responsive strategy, evaluation of effectiveness and proposal of demand. The thoughts are based on persuasive thinking. The thinking methods include analogy, contrast, Duo Nan (Embarrassments) method, level analysis direction and subject transfer deduction. This study compares the thinking with different schools in Pre-Qin. The clarification of Su Qin's thinking will help supplement Mingbian logic history of Pre-Qin and future development.

參考文獻


馬王堆漢墓帛書整理小組編(1976)。戰國縱橫家書。北京:文物出版社。
楊寬(1975)。馬王堆帛書《戰國策》的史料價值。文物。1975(2),26-34。
楊寬(1975)。戰國中期的合縱連橫戰爭和政治路線鬥爭─再談馬王堆漢墓帛書《戰國策》。文物。1975(3),1-8。
馬王堆漢墓帛書整理小組(1975)。馬王堆漢墓帛書《戰國策》釋文。文物。1975(4),14-26。
馬雍(1975)。帛書《別本戰國策》各篇的年代和歷史背景。文物。1975(4),27-40。

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