亞洲地區水資源的衝突與展望

Conflicts and Prospects of Water Resources in Asia

吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu) ； 王其美(Chi-Mei Wang)

《前瞻科技與管理》 S期 (2010/11) Pp. 75-89

摘要

亞洲為世界最大洲，擁有將近50個國家及全球約58%的人口，隨著工業發展及人口增加，水資源的需求與日俱增，就各國而言，水資源短缺已是普遍的情況，而取得足夠水資源是一件困難的工作，面對水資源時空分配不均、氣候變遷的雙重干擾下，使得情勢變得更加困難，加之亞洲許多重要河川維繫著的不單是單一國家的命脈及利益，因此所帶來的跨國衝突、矛盾及競合問題也就不斷發生，展望亞洲水資源的未來，需克服的困境可以歸納為水太多、水太少、水太髒及生態環境惡化等課題，其中在開發不易的情況下，節約用水也被視為重要增加水源的手段之一。

關鍵字

水資源短缺 ； 跨國衝突 ； 氣候變遷 ； 節約用水 ； 水汙染

並列摘要

Asia, as the world's largest continent, has almost 50 countries with around 58% of the world population, recent industrial development and population growth result in the increase of demand for water resources. It becomes more and more difficult to provide adequate water for many countries in the region. Furthermore, in the face of both unevenly spatial and temporal distributions of water resources and the growing concern of climate change, it is worried that the situation would become even worse. Many major rivers of Asia affect not just a single state’s lifeline and interests, the international conflict and cooperation over use of water are becoming crucial. The overall prospects for the future of water resources in Asia include the need to overcome the issues of too much (flood), too little (water resource shortage), and too dirty (water pollution) in water supply along with the degrading ecological environment. To develop new water resource is difficult for many countries now. Therefore, water saving is one of the key methods to increase water resource.

並列關鍵字

water resource shortage ； international conflict ； climate change ； water saving ； water pollution