論《瑜伽師地論》之「如理思惟」－正思擇其自相、共相之要領與判準

On ＂Right Thought＂ in The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra)- Tips and Standards of Judging the Specifically Characterized Phenomena and Generally Characterized Phenomena with Right Thought

釋昭慧(Chao-Hwei Shih)

《法印學報》 5期 (2015/10) Pp. 1-26

摘要

《瑜伽師地論》是一部教導瑜伽行者如何「地地邁進、步步高升」的禪觀教科書。其中「聲聞地」述及「如理思惟」，本文就「如理思維」之內容、要領與準則，作進一步之闡述。「如理思維」之內容，包括法法自相與其共相，論中並且負面表列，說明六種「不應思處」。「思惟正法」的要訣，即是依於「算數行相」或「稱量行相」。任何一法，倘要能夠清晰分明地，如理思惟其自相與共相，那麼對於該法的「法數」就必須清楚明白。以算數行相，思惟佛陀言教，而明瞭其間的種種差別，這是思惟正法的基礎功法，否則容易得少為足，或是挂一漏萬，或是以偏概全。此外，還要從「觀待、作用、證成、法爾」等四種道理來作推敲，以權衡所思惟的內容，是否正確無謬。

關鍵字

如理思惟 ； 自相 ； 共相 ； 四道理 ； 勝緣

並列摘要

Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra is a textbook to teach meditation- how a yogi can move forward ＂step by step, and get higher and higher.＂ In＂Shengwen(Sk. Śrāvaka) Stage＂ of this abhidhamma, ＂right thought＂ is expounded. So in this paper this term will be further elaborated upon its content, tips and guidelines. The content of the right thought includes that the objects of knowledge are divided into two: the specifically characterized phenomena (自相 svalakṣaṇa) and the generally characterized phenomena (共相 sāmayalakṣaṇa). In the abhidhamma, six kinds of invalid knowledge to think about are also listed. The tips of Contemplating Dhamma are based on two methods: to properly categories everything (算數行相 gaṇanākāra) and to observe the fallacy of the statement (稱量行相 yukty-upaparīkṣākāra). If you can think clearly over the specifically characterized phenomena and the generally characterized phenomena of every piece of knowledge with right thought, then you will have a clear-cut understanding of the categories. To think over Buddha's teaching with yukty-upaparīkṣākāra, you will understand various differences among them; this is the basic method to contemplate dharma, or one may be too content to dig deeper, have regrettable omissions, or even make an overgeneralization. Besides, we have to think over with four principles of reasoning (yukti)- consideration, purpose, accomplishing, and inherent nature- in order to weigh if what we have thought is proper and infallible.

並列關鍵字

Right thought ； specifically characterized phenomena ； generally characterized phenomena ； four principles of reasoning ； perfect cause