試論印順法師對雙修法門的理解與評判

A Preliminary Investigation on Master Yin Shun's Understandings and Criticisms of the Buddhist Practice of Tantric Sex

林建德(Chien-Te Lin)

《法印學報》 5期 (2015/10) Pp. 77-122

摘要

密教之雙修法門，長久以來引起各界關注，乃至產生爭議。本文以印順法師為主，探討他對雙修法門的理解與評判。首先簡介印順法師對雙修法的理解，他認為「以欲離欲」法門在典籍上有跡可尋，再加上瑜伽外道之深遠影響，如此形塑密續佛典中雙修法之記載。其次分析歸納印順法師的評述，他認為「離欲」是佛法正說，相對的「淫欲為道」是隨宜方便說，而後人誤以「欲」之方便為究竟，因此走偏了路。最後參考達賴喇嘛之見以為對照，指出印順法師和達賴喇嘛對男女雙修之描繪有部份相合之處，如都表示雙修法必然預設如來藏心之存在，雙修法門即在於明見此心，以實現「即身成佛」的目的。然而，兩人所作之評價卻有正反之別，對此本文亦作初步反思，期能有一定的認識。

關鍵字

印順法師 ； 無上瑜伽 ； 淫欲為道 ； 方便 ； 達賴喇嘛

並列摘要

The practice of tantric sex to reach enlightenment has been an attention, or even controversy, for a long time. In this paper I access Master Yin Shun's point of views to discuss this practice. First I introduce Yin Shun's understandings of the practice of Tantric Sex. He suggests that using lust as a method to remove lust has its precedents in the Buddhist classics. Together with the impacts of yogic heathenism, the records of sexual practice in the Tantric texts were formulated. Second I analyze and summarize his criticisms. Yin Shun suggests that the elimination of lust is the orthodox teaching of the Buddha Dharma. By contrast, lust as a spiritual road is an expedience. That the descendants mistreat this expedient teaching as an ultimate one missed the track and went astray. Lastly I contrast Yin Shun's views with the Dalai Lama^(14th), arguing that their descriptions are roughly coherent, e.g. the necessary presumption of tathāgata-garbha in this practice and the pursuit of its enlightenment in order to speedily realize the Buddhahood, but their evaluations are quite different. I also reflect their differences in order to have a certain understanding of this practice.

並列關鍵字

Ven. Yin Shun ； anuttarayoga ； lust as a spiritual road ； upāya ； Dalai Lama^(14th)