高爾夫規則演進之探討

本文的動機爲研究國內外高爾夫規則之起源發展，以歷史回溯的方式，彙整國內外相關文獻或論述，其目的在於探討高爾夫規則演進歷程對於高爾夫運動的影響。在1754年成立並草擬高爾夫規則的英國聖安卓皇家古典高爾夫俱樂部，在高爾夫運動中始終擔任獨特的職務，它成爲過去二個牛世紀以來在全世界各地的比賽扮演一個領導機構的角色。此俱樂部在2004年慶祝250週年紀念的同時，影響著125個全國性和國際性的業餘和職業組織，另計有109個國家和二千六百萬位來自歐洲、非洲、亞洲、大洋洲及美洲的高爾夫球員。聖安卓皇家古典高爾夫俱樂部和美國高爾夫協會每四年修改規則，由於高爾夫規則是比賽的依據，而且在應用上較爲錯綜複雜，建議高爾夫球員、教練及裁判等三者應審慎的了解高爾夫規則的變化，球員及教練除了在訓練上要將規則列入課程，對於規則也要充分的了解才能參賽競技。裁判更需充分了解修改後的規則和判例，俾在激烈的競技中能夠即時迅速地作出裁決。如果大家都能清楚認識改變後的規則，對於解除困擾與罰桿的界定及其影響球員的權益，並且遵守高爾夫規則，才能使這項競技在公正公平的情形之下得到最大的效益和樂趣。

關鍵字

高爾夫規則；高爾夫；規則演進

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to research the influence of the evolution for the rules on Golf. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&A) holds a unique position in golf. Established in 1754, it evolved through two and a half centuries as a leading authority in the world game. As the Club celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2004, it is operating with the consent of 125 national and international amateur and professional organizations from 109 countries and on behalf of an estimated 26 million golfers in Europe, Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The R&A looks at and makes changes to the rules with the USGA every four years. Every player needs to have a good understanding of the rules of golf to be able to compete in a tournament. Therefore, the golf players, coaches and referees need to understand carefully the changes to the rules because they can be complex in application. The rules of golf make a part of every players and coaches training program. For example, in taking relief will it incur a penalty or not, will it advantage the player or not. If they are followed, all players will gain maximum enjoyment from the game.