Exercise induced muscle damage is a common phenomenon resulting from unaccustomed exercise, exhaustive exercise, overreaching, and overtraining. Initial stage of muscle damage, injured muscles and peripheral tissues may be induced to release some matters related to damage. In addition, it will induce the symptoms of muscle damage, then injured muscles and tissues may damage again. However during acute or recovery stage of muscle damage, the reaction of damage induced will affect the performance of the athlete. This review interprets changes on biochemical and physiological viewpoints, and effects of inflammation and symptoms of exercise performance diminution which induced by muscle damage.