南瓜萃取物對瓜實蠅引誘效果之探討

Attraction Efficiency Study of Pumpkin Extracts on the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)

王文哲(Wen-Che Wang) ； 劉玉章(Yu-Chang Liu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 109期 (2010/12) Pp. 41-58

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201012.0041

摘要

在自然植物萃取物試驗中，南瓜花、葉及花柄之乙醚萃取物，已證實可引誘瓜實蠅雌蟲產卵，其中以南瓜花萃取物最具產卵引誘力，其平均產卵量，以吸水海棉為載體引誘時，每日每雌蟲可受誘產37.7粒卵，以小黃瓜為載體時，每日可引誘雌蟲產21.6粒卵。在選擇有萃取物及無萃取物之選擇試驗中，雌蟲只選擇有南瓜花萃取物的產卵頻率為83.3％。利用三種不同溶劑進行萃取時，以乙醚萃取之南瓜花萃取物之產卵引誘效果最佳，平均產卵量為每日每雌蟲可產21.6粒卵，而乙醇及丙酮萃取物分別僅產11.6及12.4粒卵。南瓜花萃取物以不同稀釋倍數稀釋後，對成蟲之引誘力，隨稀釋濃度的增加，引誘效果越佳，以稀釋1倍時對成蟲之引誘效果最佳，其總誘蟲率達60.0％，但其有效引誘率僅能維持三天在40.8％以上，隨使用時間的延長，引誘率逐漸下降。於花萃取物中加添乙酸乙酯、正乙酸丁酯以及乙酸乙酯加黃豆蛋白腖等添加物後，其引誘效果反明顯降低，仍以稀釋1倍之南瓜花萃取物之引誘效果最好。綜合以上結果，自然植物之南瓜花確具開發為瓜實蠅產卵引誘劑及雌雄蟲引誘劑之潛力。

關鍵字

瓜實蠅 ； 南瓜萃取物 ； 引誘

並列摘要

In the extracts of pumpkin tests, the high motivation was provoked by the ether extracts of bloom, leaves and peduncle of pumpkin proved to be attractive to the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)). Among them, the extract of pumpkin bloom was showed the most attractive to the oviposition of females, with average 37.7 eggs per female per day were laid on the sponge sucked with extract of pumpkin bloom, and with average 21.6 eggs were laid on the cucumber dipped with this extract. In free choice tests, the females preferred to lay their eggs in the traps with the extracts of pumpkin bloom than the other treatments without the extracts. By using of different solvents of ether, ethyl alcohol and acetone to extract the pumpkin bloom, it is showed that female flies were strongly motivated to the ether extracts for oviposition, which indicated the ether extract of pumpkin bloom was the best and usable plant extract on the attraction of female flies. When this extract diluted with water, it was showed the lower the concentration, the lower the attractiveness, and the highest effectiveness appeared at the concentration diluted by one time, with 60.0% attractiveness. The effective duration of this extract was tested in the screen house, the effectiveness of this extract decreased as the duration elongated, and the higher effective duration over 40.8% attractiveness to the melon flies persisted only 3 days. When the extracts of pumpkin bloom mixed with other substances, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and bacto-soytone + ethyl acetate, the attractiveness of these mixtures were showed obviously lower than the extract itself. From the result of pumpkin extract tests, it is considered that the extract of pumpkin bloom can be used and developed as an attractant for luring the melon flies of both females and males, and the oviposition of females.

並列關鍵字

Bactrocera cucurbitae ； extracts of pumpkin ； attractant