世界各國之永續農業研究與推廣

Sustainable Agriculture in Various Countries of the World

謝順景(Sung-Ching Hsieh)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 32號 (1993/06) Pp. 19-45

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199306.0011

摘要

現代的農業依靠高投入的無機化學肥料及化學合成農藥來防治病蟲害，並走向擴大單一作物栽培的方向來生產。這種方式帶動了作物生產力，但是由於單一作物的大量生產，經常導致生產過剩，價格低落反而影響農家的收益。此種集約的栽培方式也加速了土壤的沖涮及地上及地下水之污染。如此下去，世界各國之農業就無法延續下去。所以目前世界各國迫切需要建立，不依靠化學肥料及化學農藥及能源低投入的農業生產體系。如此就可以減少成本，產量也可以保持穩定，不但可以提高收益，同時可以減少發生環境生態之衝擊問題。本文對美歐（英、德、瑞士、荷蘭、挪威、瑞典等）、南美（巴西）、日本、東南亞（韓國、泰國、菲律賓等）及產品之我國之永續農業之研究、生產及銷售情形做一綜合性介紹。

關鍵字

永續農業 ； 自然農法 ； 生物學的農業 ； 低投入農業

並列摘要

Mordern agriculture, based on the monoculture of cash crop varieties that require high inputs, depends on heavy applications of inorganic fertilizers and on chemical pesticides for pest control. Although this kind of farm practice has contributed greatly to the agricultural productivity in the past years, however, monoculture often leads to excess production of a crop which causes a drop of farm price and eventually to decrease farm income. On the other hand, this chemically oriented intensive farming system will cause soil erosion and polution of underground water. The sustainability of modern agriculture has become a subject of great concern in various countries of the world. The establishment of sustainable production system without depending chemical fertilizers and pesticides will result in a reduced impact on the environment. The present paper described the present status of the enforcement of sustainable agricultureal practices in Europe i.e. England, Germany, Switerzland, Norway, Sweden, in South America (Brazil) and in Asia i.e. Japan, Korea, Thailand, Philippines and Republic of China on Taiwan. The marketing of organically grown agricultural products in various countries was also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Sustainable agriculture ； Natural farming ； Biological agriculture ； Low input agriculture