《金光明經》的護國思想與古代日本的國家：以天武朝為中心（673-686）

The Idea of State Protection in Sutra of Golden Light And The State in Ancient Japan: Focusing on Emperor Tenmu’s Reign (673-686)

郭珮君(Pei-Chun Kuo)

指導教授 ： 周伯戡

國立臺灣大學/文學院/歷史學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01280

摘要

七世紀末期是古代日本國家成立的時期，此一時期的日本在政治上面臨許多改變，同時，以護國經典為主的佛教經典開始受到重視，其中最主要的經典之一就是曇無讖所翻譯的《金光明經》。本論文以《金光明經》在天武天皇時期的流傳為線索，首先將透過對文獻的分析，藉由對經典版本及注疏內容的考察，試圖釐清古代日本社會透過《金光明經》的流布，所能接觸到的思想內涵以及可能產生的文化效應。同時，天武天皇在宗教上的創新使得七世紀末期日本的宗教世界展開了新的面貌，佛教如何與日本的既有信仰互動？《金光明經》在其中又扮演著什麼樣的角色？此外，天武天皇在政治上的創舉更是引人注目，天皇制度的成立以及律令制度的導入都是大幅改變古代日本的政策，《金光明經》的護國思想在一個建立中的國家將會被如何詮釋？最後，天武天皇時期是一個地震頻仍的時期，作為護國經典的《金光明經》如何詮釋地震的發生？這樣的詮釋會得到什麼樣的回應？筆者將透過以上角度考察《金光明經》的思想內涵對於天武天皇時期的日本在宗教上以及政治上的影響。

關鍵字

古代日本 ； 護國佛教 ； 《金光明經》 ； 天武天皇 ； 地震

並列摘要

Sutra of Golden Light, one of the most important state-protecion canons in Central Asia and East Asia, is also a demanding sutra in ancient Japan. The sutra emerged in Japanese history during Emperor Tenmu’s reign, while it should have been introduced to Japan a century earlier. Through the historical records, the cult of Sutra of Golden Light in ancient Japan can be indicated. Simultaneously, in the later half of the seventh century, Japan was being structured. That is to say, the ruler emphasized Sutra of Golden Light when the state of Japan was being bulit. To investigate the connection between Sutra of Golden Light and the building of Japan as a state, the follwing thesis will be divided into three parts: initially, through analysing different versions of Sutra of Golden Light and various commentaries, the first part will suggest the possible idea related to the sutra that were likely to be spread in ancient Japan. Then, by exammining the historical materials, the second part will illustrate the religious and political environment during Emperor Tenmu’s reign, and discuss how Sutra of Golden Light being interpreted under the circumstances. Finally, the last part will focus on the disaters in ancient Japan. Since earthquake is the most significant disater in Japan, and there were many earthquakes during the time according to the historical accounts, inspecting the relations between the sutra and earthquakes can reveal how people perceive the sutra as state protection during and after the disater. In summary, the thesis will focus on the interpretation of Sutra of Golden Light and the construction of the state of ancient Japan.

並列關鍵字

Ancient Japan ； Sutra of Golden Light ； State-protection Buddhism ； Emperor Tenmu ； Earthquake

參考文獻

大隅清陽，《律令官制と礼秩序の研究》東京：吉川弘文館，2011。

菱田哲郎，《古代日本国家形成の考古学》京都：京都大学学術出版会，2007。

Clancey, Gregory K. Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.

Nobel, Johannes. Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra, Das Goldglanz-Sūtra, ein Sanskrittext desk Mahāyāna-Buddhismus. Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz, 1937.

Sango, Asuka. "In the Halo of Golden Light: Imperial Authority and Buddhist Ritual in Heian Japan (794-1185)." PhD diss., Princeton University, 2007.