台灣中央山脈不同地表類型和森林分層的溫度遞減率

Temperature lapse rates in different land cover types and forest layers in central mountain of Taiwan

林嘉郁(Chia-Yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 袁孝維

共同指導教授 ： 沈聖峰

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02054

摘要

棲地多樣的環境因子與氣象因子的交互作用，形成棲地微氣候的複雜性。而棲地微氣候的複雜性能夠在大空間尺度氣候變遷時，提供全球氣候變遷時氣候適合的微棲地。熱帶或副熱帶山區存在高度的生物多樣性，許多生物為氣候狹適種（Climatically specialized species）。在全球氣候變遷下，氣候狹適種將面臨適存度下降，甚至滅絕的威脅。因此，生物會透過遷移（range shift）到適合的微棲地來因應氣候變遷。海拔溫度遞減率，將是預測山區生物適合微棲地分佈範圍的重要工具。但是，溫度遞減率被認為不存在海拔差異，只存在緯度和季節差異。本研究證實溫度遞減率存在海拔差異，並且不同溫度類型(日溫差、最高溫、最低溫）的溫度遞減率存在不同的海拔差異，最高可能出現超過4[℃/km]的差異。而此溫度遞減率差異是由地區尺度（local scale）下環境溫度、水氣凝結量和太陽輻射所造成。本研究結果將能更真實預測海拔因子造成的降溫效果，不同海拔區的溫度遞減率不同，代表不同海拔區段的生物在因應相同程度的氣候變遷時，所需沿海拔遷移的距離不同，所受氣候變遷威脅程度也就不同。這樣的預測資料就能提供給生物多樣性保育經營單位在重點保育策略和保育範圍上更有力的依據。

關鍵字

全球暖化 ； 低溫棲地 ； 溫度遞減率 ； 生物遷移 ； 重點保育

並列摘要

The interaction between complex environmental factors and meteorological processes generate habitat (refuges) in otherwise hostile environments. Tropical and subtropical montane regions -in which of a high diversity of climatically specialized species is threatened by climate change- is necessary to find out these climatically suitable refuges. Range shift, spices shift its range size from lowland to higher will happen in mountain area under climate change. Lapse rate plays an important role in predicting how many distance should shift. However, lapse rate was defined as a constant in different altitudinal section. Here we show that lapse rate of daily maximum temperature、minimum temperature、average temperaturesignificantly altered along elevation gradient. Difference of these lapse rate ,can be larger than 4[℃/km],is due to surface temperature、amount of water vapor condensed、solar radiation. Based on our results, spices should shift different distance in different altitudinal range in response to climate change. Given that clear lapse rate of different altitudinal range is the fundament of targeted protection, to conserve biodiversity under changing climate, our discovery can great help pinpointing the location of cold refuge.

並列關鍵字

Global warming ； Cold refuges ； lapse rate ； range shift ； targeted protect

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