日本政府對於中小企業國際化的扶植之研究

放眼當下，日本中小企業面對國內高齡化社會，內需減少的窘況，不得不以更積極的姿態進入海外市場，從而延伸成為日本政府一個重要的課題是如何能讓中小企業更順利地進軍海外市場，幫助其實現企業國際化。為此，日本政府面對此情況，推動幾個重要政策，為了推廣中小企業多加利用由政府機構提供的服務，並督促政府相關機構更出色的推進和充實他們的服務內容。同時，本研究仔細研究了各家政府機構的具體詳細支援服務內容，指出幾點問題，比如說政府機構近年來因加強了此政策的力度，數量明顯增加，但提供服務時使用的資源反而重複浪費。還有，服務內容偏重中小企業國際化的前期作業，而忽視後續跟進。本研究立足於政府機構提供的服務內容進行探討分析後，進一步驗證他們的服務內容對需要實現國際化的日本中小企業是否有實際幫助。具體來說，本研究對已進入台灣市場的日本企業進行訪談調查，了解各家企業是如何進入台灣市場，例如這些中小企業是通過什麼途徑收集進入台灣市場前需要的資訊，是否曾有與日本政府機構接觸且利用過他們的服務等。透過此訪談調查，本研究深入探討政府機構提供的服務，對於日本中小企業國際化的過程中扮演怎樣的重要角色。值得一提的是，JETRO對各家進入海外市場的日本企業來說，是最重要的政府支援機構，但本研究認為，實際上企業是否會積極利用他們提供的服務，可能是由某些因素來決定的。因此為了促進讓更多沒有接觸過JETRO服務的中小企業利用他們服務，分析了幾個值得改善的地方。接下來，本論文進一步探討，因台灣經濟狀況不景氣，且國內市場面對內需減少的情況，導致台灣中小企業必須要以更積極的態度進入海外市場。在此基礎上，與日本政府提供的服務互相比較，分析台日兩國政府機構提供的服務之特點及需改善進之處。整體而言，本研究為了促進台日政府對支援更多中小企業順利國際化發展，貢獻自己一份微薄的建議。

關鍵字

日本；台灣；中小企業；國際化；政府機構

並列摘要

Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises confront the problem of an aging society and declining domestic demand in recent years, they cannot help but try to enter overseas markets positively. Thus the important issue that Japanese government has to solve is how to make small and medium-sized enterprises enter overseas markets more smoothly and help them to achieve internationalization. For this purpose, Japanese government has promoted some important policies, and in order to promote small and medium-sized enterprises to use the services provided by　 government agencies, government urge the government agencies to enrich the contents of their services. Furthermore this study discuss the support services of various government agencies in detail, and pointed out some problems regarding their services, such as the waste of resources of their organizations, the content of services focused on the preparatory steps of internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises and lack of assistance after entering the overseas market. Based on the analysis of the contents of services provided by the government agencies, this study further discuss whether their services will be helpful to the Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises that need to achieve entering the overseas market. To be more specific, this study has conducted an interview with Japanese companies who have entered the Taiwan market to understand how each firm has collected the information they need, whether they had used the services provided by government agencies before expanding overseas. Through the interview surveys, this study also further discuss the problems of the services provided by government and provide solutions. In addition, this study explores the characteristics and the points to be improved of the services provided by the government agencies in Japan and Taiwan by comparing the assistances of the two countries for small and medium-sized enterprises.　 And finally, this study propose some ways for the government of Taiwan to promote the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises more effectively.