嚼食檳榔者的內隱態度與抑制控制能力

檳榔是一種致癌物質且可產生依賴性，檳榔使用已在臺灣地區非常常見，估計約有195萬的成年人在嚼食檳榔。許多研究發現物質依賴者的抑制控制功能受損和對物質持有正向的內隱態度均顯示會提高未來使用物質、物質使用的復發或持續使用物質的機率。本研究探討高檳榔依賴者的抑制控制功能與內隱態度間的相關性。我們要求三組參與者(高依賴組、菸酒控制組及健康控制組)完成兩個認知作業(停止信號作業和單一類別內隱連結測驗)，分別評估動作抑制控制功能和對檳榔的內隱態度以及完成腦造影(靜息態功能性磁振影像和擴散張量磁振造影)，分別評量大腦灰質的血氧濃度和白質纖維連結程度。研究結果發現，在停止信號作業中，三組間的動作抑制控制功能之主要效果未達顯著，但高檳榔依賴組與健康組的遺漏率有顯著差異。在單一類別內隱連結測驗中，三組間對檳榔的內隱態度之主要效果未達顯著。在動作抑制控制功能與大腦神經一致性之相關中，發現與左枕中回和右中央溝前側腦回有正相關，與中央溝前側腦回和左顳上回有負相關；動作抑制控制功能指標與大腦活化程度之相關中，與右楔前葉、楔葉和右尾狀核有正相關，與右顳中回、右顳上回和左中央溝前側腦回有負相關；動作抑制控制功能指標與白質纖維連結程度之相關中，與腦島、大腦腳和皮脊髓徑有正相關，與左頂上回、左頂下回、枕中回、左中央溝後側腦回和額上回有負相關。在對檳榔的內隱態度與大腦神經一致性之相關中，只與左楔前葉和左視丘有正相關；對檳榔的內隱態度與大腦活化程度之相關中，未發現有相關性；對檳榔的內隱態度與大腦白質纖維連結程度之相關中，與腦島和右角回有正相關，與左楔前葉有負相關。本研究顯示高依賴檳榔組的遺漏率高於健康控制組，也許與持續性注意力有關。

關鍵字

檳榔；依賴性；抑制控制能力；內隱態度

並列摘要

Although betel nut is a harmful carcinogen and lead to dependence, betel nut chewing is still very common. There are about 1.95 million adults chewing betel in Taiwan. In this study, we aimed to examine whether chewing betel quid affect inhibitory control ability and whether high betel quid dependent chewer have a positive implicit attitude toward betel. Three groups of participants (high dependence, cigarette/alcohol user, and healthy control) were asked to complete two cognitive tasks (Stop signal task and Single category implicit association test) that assess motor inhibitory control and implicit attitude toward betel, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The results found that, the main effect of stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and D score were both not significant difference between three groups, but omission rate was significant difference between high dependence and healthy group. In Resting state MRI, SSRT was significantly correlated with left middle occipital gyrus, precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, right precuneus, cuneus and right caudate nucleus; D score was significantly correlated with left precuneus and left thalamus. In diffusion MRI, SSRT was significantly correlated with insula, cerebral peduncle, corticospinal tract, left superior parietal gyrus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus; D score was significantly correlated with insula, right angular gyrus, and left precuneus. This research provides some information toward increasing understanding of betel quid user.

並列關鍵字

betel nut ； dependence ； inhibitory control ； implicit attitude

參考文獻

李仁豪, 何明洲, 唐子俊, & 張芳庭. (2012). 檳榔依賴量表 (BNDS) 的發展. 中華心理學刊, 54(3), 331-348.

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嚼食檳榔者的內隱態度與抑制控制能力

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