「女窩」的美麗與哀愁：一個部落原住民婦女組織之民族誌研究

這是一份從原住民女性經驗出發的研究。藉由「女窩」這個位於原鄉部落的原住民婦女組織運作的經驗，協助我們了解在性別、階級與族群關係交織下的部落原住民女性面對的壓迫。「女窩」用什麼方式解決或回應部落婦女的結構性困境？一個集體組織的存在對參與其中的女性產生什麼樣的培力效果？它是否有助於改善原住民女性的社會處境? 進而看見台灣原住民女性主義實踐的可能性? 本研究採質性研究的民族誌方法，以「女窩」與那瑪夏鄉作為研究田野，參與觀察組織之運作以及部落的生活，並以13位部落婦女為受訪對象，由她們說出自己的故事與經驗，打破一般人對原住民部落的迷思，也呈現部落婦女之間的差異與多元樣貌。本研究發現往返部落、工作賺錢的遷徙歷程，經濟的困頓以及婚姻與家庭責任是這群原住民婦女面對的結構性處境，「女窩」作為在地草根的非營利組織，在性別、階級與族群層面都嘗試提供參與其中的部落婦女不同面向的支持。但「女窩」的運作有其挑戰，它要面對國家機器的控制、部落社會對性別的期待、因工作型態形成的階級差距與族群內部的派系角力。性別、階級與族群關係交織的複雜經驗，是貫穿這份研究的核心，無論是部落婦女的生命經驗、「女窩」回應婦女需求的努力，最後是組織工作的困境，都讓我們看到「女窩」作為一個處在複雜的社會關係之中的在地原住民婦女組織，必須與來自國家、部落社會與族群內部不同權力主體協商與抵抗，正是這個過程形塑了「女窩」的美麗與哀愁。

關鍵字

原住民女性；草根組織；民族誌；性別；族群

並列摘要

This is an ethnography of indigenous women’s organization in the tribe . It explores experiences of indigenous women in the tribe in Taiwan , and how the grassroots women’s organization – ‘Kawsda’ (means women’s space) could respond or solve those indigenous women’s predicaments. As an indigenous women’s organization , Kawsda empowered indigenous women who participated in and changed those women’s social situations. Perhaps, it shows the possibility of indigenous feminism in Taiwan. This research adopts feminist ethnography as the method, and my fieldsite is ‘Kawsda ’ in Southern Taiwan . I lived in the tribe and worked with Kawsda ‘s workers for a year. I also interviewed 13 women of Kawsda. Through their stories and experiences, the research shows differences among indigenous women and the complexity also intends to disturb any stereotypes against indigenous people and societies. The indigenous women interviewed faced structural difficulties of leaving their tribe for earning money or better education. They suffered from poor economic situations,and responsibility of marriage and family care. As a local grassroots NGO , Kawsda tries to support those women through programs of childcare, leather-carving, and multiple employment. Kawsda’s work was confronted with domination of the government, gendered expectations of the tribe, different economic situations between women, and competition among different clans in the tribes and among different ethnic groups. Gender, class and ethnicity intersected to shape the complex experiences of indigenous women in the tribe. Kawsda as a local indigenous women ‘s organization situated in these complex social situations, fought and negotiated with these power structures.