預鑄生態塊對生態影響研究及案例探討

Research on the ecological influences of pre-cast ecological concrete blocks and the case study

李銘哲(Ming-Che Li)

指導教授 ： 邱金火 ； 陳獻

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900267

摘要

為解決目前市售之廠鑄預鑄混凝土塊，沒有對於曼寧係數n值做測試與探討，無法提供渠道設計者一渠道重要設計參數，以及市售預鑄混凝土塊不具有生態性的問題。故參照行政院農業委員會-本土化農田水利生態工程研發計畫之預鑄模板的研發成果，分別於水工實驗室與現地圳路進行水理參數的分析與生態性的測試，並選定ㄧ工程作為預鑄生態塊工法之實際應用案例，探討其施工便利性、經濟性及生態效益。
經水理分析結果，凸面原型預鑄生態塊石之曼寧係數np值介於0.0633 ~ 0.0975。在相同流量下，凸面原型預鑄生態塊石曼寧係數 np 值隨著渠坡的增加而增大；在相同渠坡下，凸面原型預鑄生態塊石曼寧係數 np 值隨著流量的增加而漸減。現地圳路試驗結果，以土石渠為水質淨化環境之對照組實驗，其結果顯示凸面預鑄混凝土塊溶氧增加率與土石渠溶氧增加率相當接近，確認凸面預鑄混凝土塊對水體溶氧增加有其效益；酸鹼值方面，凸面預鑄混凝土塊可使水體酸鹼值的變化趨於穩定，水體酸鹼值變化量小。生物膜附著試驗結果顯示，凸面生態塊附著量＞凸面混凝土塊附著量＞平面生態塊附著量＞平面混凝土塊附著量，顯示凸面生態塊具有較佳生態效果；發現約33種不同型態的微生物與藻類，大部分屬於矽藻綱和綠藻綱。實際案例分析結果，預鑄生態塊於高空墜落試驗方面，試體塊均可達設計強度要求；整體施工費用約1125元/m2。

關鍵字

生態效益 ； 實際應用案例 ； 生物膜 ； 曼寧係數 ； 生態混凝土 ； 預鑄生態塊

並列摘要

To solve the problems that the pre-cast concrete blocks made by factory have no experimental Manning’s coefficients, and therefore there is no important parameters could be provided to the hydraulic designers. In addition, these pre-cast concrete blocks with no ecological data .Therefore, in this study the hydraulic parameters and the ecological data for irrigation, drainage, and reclamation engineering were analyzed in the laboratory and in the field according to the research results of pre-cast moldboards of the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan. Then one field case was selected to study the convenience and economy of the construction, and benefits of the ecology.
The experimental results of the concrete blocks with convex surface showed that the Manning’s coefficients np′s are around the interval of 0.0633~0.0975. At the same flow discharge, the Manning’s coefficients np′s increased while the slopes increased. At the same slope, the Manning’s coefficients np′s decreased while the flow discharges increased. The results of the site contrast experiments showed that the increasing DO ratio of the pre-cast concrete blocks with convex surface is closed to that of the soil ditch. It proved that the pre-cast concrete blocks with convex surface are really beneficial for DO increasing and it could keep pH steadily. The results for the biological membrane adhensive experiments showed that (1) the adhensive quantity of the blocks with ecological convex surface was greater than that of the blocks with convex surface, (2) the adhensive quantity of the blocks with convex surface was greater than that of the blocks with ecological flat surface, (3) the adhensive quantity of the blocks with ecological flat surface was greater than that of the blocks with flat surface. There were thirty-three different types of germ and algae found and most of them are Chrysophyta and Chlorophyta. The case study for the strength of the blocks with ecological surface showed that the pre-cast blocks can reach the strength requested. The over-all construction cost is about 1125 NT dollars/ m2.

並列關鍵字

Ecological benefit ； Practicability case ； Biological membrane ； Manning’s coefficient ； Ecological concrete ； Pre-cast ecological block

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