國小學童特質生氣和思考策略對生氣狀態的影響

Effects of Trait-Anger and Thinking Strategies on the anger state in school-age children.

鍾宛玲(Wan-Ling Chung)

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00042

摘要

研究背景與目的
兒童對生氣的感受和表達攸關其學業表現、人際互動與長短期身心健康狀況，具備良好情緒調節技巧是個體面臨生氣事件衝擊的保護因子，缺乏恰當的情緒調節能力則是導致個體功能失調的風險因子。整理相關文獻指出，特質生氣是預測生氣反應傾向的良好指標，且當個體被誘發生氣後，認知調節在情緒處理的過程中扮演重要的角色，故進一步推測特質生氣與思考策略會和生氣程度有交互作用，因此本研究欲驗證特質生氣、思考策略對生氣狀態的影響，再比較不同特質使用不同思考策略所導致的生氣表現差異。
研究方法
樣本來源為大台北和宜蘭地區國小高年級學童。先檢驗中文版STAXI-CA中之狀態與特質生氣表達分量表的心理計量特性；再利用中文版特質生氣分量表將受試者區分成高、低生氣特質兩組，進行生氣激發以及思考策略(包含反芻、注意分散兩組)的實驗。在受試者被激發生氣之前、之後以及操弄思考策略後，都填寫自評生氣量尺和中文狀態生氣分量表，再以相關統計方法分析特質生氣、思考策略與生氣狀態程度三變項之間的影響關係與作用效果。
研究結果
結果指出「中文版STAXI-CA之狀態與特質生氣分量表」具有不錯的信度和效度。實驗研究發現相對於低生氣特質組，高特質生氣組在激發生氣前、後的生氣狀態程度皆顯著較高，且激發生氣造成的差異程度更大；特質生氣和思考策略有交互作用，影響激發生氣後的生氣狀態程度改變，但不論使用哪種思考策略，不同生氣特質有相同調節效果，其反芻策略對引發生氣後的生氣程度有維持或上升效果，注意分散策略則對引發生氣後的生氣程度有下降效果。
結論
特質生氣為導致生氣水準差異的主要原因，思考策略是調節生氣程度的關鍵因素；特質生氣不會擴大或削減思考策略效果，反而是適時適切的策略使用，才是決定最後生氣結果的重點。此可提供未來在處理兒童生氣情緒時的參考，使其感受生氣的程度與表達生氣的方式能夠更具有適應的效果。

關鍵字

情緒調節 ； 思考策略 ； 狀態生氣 ； 特質生氣 ； 生氣

並列摘要

Background: Children’s angry feeling and anger expression are related to academic performance, social relationship and well-being. Effective emotion regulation skills are protective factors to cope with anger events. Deficient emotion regulation competences are risk factors for dysfunctional psycho-behaviors. Moreover, trait-anger is an index to predict response trend. After anger arousal, cognitive regulation processes play a core role in anger outcome. The purposes of this study were to explore the direct effects of trait-anger and thought strategies on anger states and if there were interact between those variables.

Method: Participants were fifth- and sixth-grade children from Taipei and I-Lan. Psychometric characteristics of Chinese STAXI-CA of state-anger and trait-anger subscales were examined. Use the standardized instrument to select the high and low trait-anger sample. The 69 boys and 66 girls randomly assigned to two experimental conditions (baseline, anger arousal and then rumination or distraction). Each stage of the anger state was assessed by two kinds of self-report scales. Finally, statistic analyzed the influence of two variables (trait-anger and thought strategies) on the anger level.

Results: The result indicated that Chinese STAXI-CA of state-anger and trait-anger subscales had adequate reliability and validity. High trait-anger group had higher anger state before arousal and worsened the discrepancy of anger state contrasted to low trait-anger group after arousal. With significant interaction of trait-anger and thought strategies, subjects could lead to the same consequence of the change of anger level after arousal through the same thought strategy. Besides, rumination resulted in maintaining or increasing anger and distraction resulted in decreasing anger.

Conclusions: Trait-anger is an important sign to forecast general anger states. Thought strategies are key processes to regulate anger level. The consequence of anger is major determine on regulation manners at right time. Furthermore, these implications would provide additional insight to the planning of interventions.

並列關鍵字

thought strategies ； emotion regulation ； State-anger ； Anger ； Trait-anger

參考文獻

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