長期記憶對改變偵測之影響：以模糊痕跡理論初探

The role of long-term memory in change detection: A preliminary study based on fuzzy-trace theory

吳美慧(Mei-Hui Wu)

指導教授 ： 趙軒甫

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201201046

摘要

摘要
本研究主要在探討長期記憶對改變偵測的影響。並從模糊痕跡理論（Reyna & Brainerd, 1995）的角度來探討細節記憶與摘要記憶這兩種長期記憶痕跡對於改變偵測有何種貢獻。考量過去研究顯示細節記憶會隨時間而衰退（Marx & Henderson, 1996; Reyna & Kiernan, 1994, 1995），因此實驗設計將測驗時間分為立即測驗組與延遲測驗組，來探究細節記憶對改變偵測的貢獻。另外過去的研究中指出摘要記憶的強度會受到學習相關項目數量的增加而增加（Robinson & Roediger, 1997），因此在實驗中設計呈現不同的相關字詞個數，來探究摘要記憶對改變偵測的貢獻。在改變偵測作業中每個嘗試皆以3 × 3的字陣在螢幕上呈現9字詞，9個字詞中呈現相關字詞的個數可能是3個或8個，而改變的類型可能是改變符合要旨的情況、改變不符合要旨的情況、或沒改變的情況。實驗結果顯示延遲測驗組的改變偵測正確率較立即測驗組低，意涵由於細節記憶會隨著時間而衰退，因此改變偵測的表現會因為細節記憶的流逝而下降。而在延遲測量組改變符合要旨的情況下，改變偵測的表現會隨著相關字詞個數增加而下降的結果，意涵隨著相關字詞個數的增加愈容易形成摘要記憶，因而影響改變偵測的表現。實驗結果意涵細節痕跡與摘要痕跡這兩種長期記憶痕跡對於改變偵測均有所貢獻。

關鍵字

改變偵測

並列摘要

Abstract
The study investigated the role of long-trem memory in change detection by studying the contribution of verbatim memory and gist memory traces to change detection. Two ciritcal variables were manipulated: temporal delay between the study phase and the test phase and the number of associated words. There were three possible conditions: change consistent with the gist, change inconsistent with the gist, and no change. The results showed that the accuracy of change detection in delayed tset was lower than the immediate test. In addition, the accuracy of change detection when the change was consistent with the gist was lower when there were more associated words than when there were less associated words.The results suggest the contribution of these two long-trem memory traces in change detection.

並列關鍵字

change detection

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