營建工地土石方調派最佳化模式之研究

An Optimization Model for Earthwork Allocation in a Construction Site

陳俊成(Chun-Chen Chen)

指導教授 ： 顏上堯

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

營建工程中如何以快速、有效並節省成本的方法調派資源，並於工程期限內完成工作，實為工程承包商獲利之關鍵。而以往在工程土石方資源調派作業上多憑經驗與直覺進行，如此在小型工程或可勝任，但在大型工程如道路土石方工程中，則往往缺乏整體考量而因土石方材料堆置影響施工動線及工作效率，致需額外耗費再次搬運與堆置之成本。本研究參照工程施工網圖排程並評估工程土石方之個別需求條件，利用數學規劃方法嘗試求出各階段各區域間土石方之最佳調派，以利承包廠商有效減省施工成本。
本研究藉由建構一混合整數線性規劃數學模式，並以各工程不同施工階段與其施工需求條件訂定之限制條件參數建立EXCEL表格，輸入LINGO套裝軟體求解後，即可直接將最佳土石方調派之排程輸出。再利用某一已完成之西濱快速公路工程資料測試本模式之實用性，測試結果與人工經驗調派方式比較效率提高且效果良好，實可作為工程承包廠商資源調派排程者之參考。

關鍵字

土方調派 ； 資源配置 ； 最佳化 ； 混合整數規劃

並列摘要

Using fast, effective and cost saving ways to allocate resources and complete work on time is the key to the profit of a construction project contractor. In the past, the allocation of earthwork resources relied mainly on experiences and intuition which might have worked well for small projects. However, for large scale projects such as road construction earthwork, the interference of earthwork material placement with the construction flow line and the work efficiency due to lack of the overall consideration leads to additional cost in relocation and piling of these materials. The current study considers construction network scheduling, estimates individual needs in earthwork materials, and uses mathematical programming methods to find the optimal strategy of allocating earthwork materials for each stage and between each work area in order to effectively reduce the construction cost
for the contractors.
The current study, using a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model, can directly produce the optimal earthwork allocation and scheduling after the input of the conditional parameters derived from the construction needs for different stages of the project in an EXCEL table to the LINGO software package for a solution. Using the construction data from a completed project on West Coast Expressway, we test the practicality of our model. The results show improved efficiency as well as effectiveness over manual allocation methods based on experiences and provide a really valuable reference to the resource allocators and schedulers of construction contractor companies.

並列關鍵字

earthwork allocation ； resource distribution ； optimization ； mixed integer programming

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