欲成大事，不能味於歷史大勢－試論蘇輿《翼教叢編》文論中所反映的經世思想

Never Ignoring Historical Trends When Seeking to Achieve Something Great-On the Statecraft Thoughts Reflected in the Yijiao Congbian (A Collection of Essays Edited by Su Yu)

張曉芬(Hsiao-Fen Chang)

《應華學報》 8期 (2010/12) Pp. 55-83

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.201012.0055

摘要

近代中國是一頁變動激烈的歷史，在這個變動的局面下，中國民眾的反應大致上呈現兩極化的傾向。一是傾向維新者，面對這個變局作積極正面的反應，調整自我，以適應新的局勢。這是自洋務運動以來，經過變法維新運動，以至五四運動，中國近代歷史發展的主調。另一方面，保守勢力也產生抵抗、不妥協的反應。這包括鴉片戰爭以來，各式各樣保守勢力對這個變局的抗拒。這兩個歷史趨勢相互交錯，相互激盪的動勢發展，則是中國近代歷史的主要特質。然本論文主要探究：保守翼教人士面對維新變法，改革新政，力倡西化時，所衛道的見解與論點；以蘇輿《翼教叢褊》所收集的批評、攻擊等文論作探究。實可發現他們雖反對維新變法，但並不棄絕「經世致用」，只不過他們救亡圖強的論點與新派人士不同；他們強調是救人心、厚風俗為治國之道；綱常名教道德觀以維持社會秩序；不拳拳服膺西學、效尤西學，而是要以中學為本，西學為用；做到「中體西用」目的，方是面對中、西文化衝突時，最好的方法。

關鍵字

翼教叢編 ； 經世思想 ； 中體西用 ； 康梁變法 ； 王先謙 ； 張之洞 ； 朱一新 ； 葉德輝

並列摘要

In history, modem China was a period of intense change, and in facing the changing situation, the Chinese people, in general, had reacted towards either end of the spectrum. At one end of the spectrum were people who inclined toward reform, reacting enthusiastically and positively toward the changes and making self-adjustments to get acclimated to the new situation. This had been the major trend in the development of modern Chinese history since the Westernization Movement, then the 1898 Reform Movement and finally the May 4th Movement of 1919. At the other end, the conservatives also reacted uncompromisingly against the changes, having resisted the tide of change in various ways since the Opium Wars. The intertwining and the clashing of these two historical trends had brought about dynamic development, which had been a major characteristic of modem Chinese history, However, this thesis focused mainly on probing the views and the arguments expressed by the conservatives in defending the traditional principles during a time of reform, political change and pro-westernization, basing the exploration on the critical and opposing essays collected in the Su Yu edited Yijiao congbian. It was found that, although they were against reform, they did not reject ”statecraft”, just holding a different argument from the reformists on how to revive and modernize the nation. They stressed righting a man's innerness and bettering the custom as the way to govern a country, sustaining social order on norms, dogmas and moral principles and not adhering to or following western learning blindly. They insisted that the statecraft should be based on Chinese learning in essence and complemented by western learning in practice and that achieving the goal of ”Chinese Essence Western Practice” was the best approach when faced with cross-cultural conflict between Chinese and Western cultures.

並列關鍵字

The Yijiao Congbian ； Statecraft thought ； Westernized Chinese ； Kang and Liang Reform ； Wang Xian ； Zhang Zidong ； Zhu a new ； Ye Dehui