從真義之辨到對話自省－《論語》「親親相隱」章的文本話語闡釋

From Meaning Seeking to Dialogue and Reflexivity: A Textual-Discursive Interpretation of ＂Mutual Concealment among Family Members＂ in the Analects

侯松(Song HOU)

《哲學與文化》 47卷1期 (2020/01) Pp. 133-148

摘要

《論語》「親親相隱」章的解讀與闡釋在學界引發了大論戰，近年來相關的討論呈現出一種語言轉向，逐漸聚焦到「直」、「隱」二字的意義辨析上來。字義辨析固然重要，但它並非經典與哲學語言研究的全部。從文本話語的視角觀之，「親親相隱」章呈現的是葉公和孔子的對話，確切地說，是關於「直」這一價值觀念的跨文化對話。它是生活的、具體的，並不構成普遍真理或原則，對它的理解需要行動與心靈的體悟。學習和理解這一對話，領悟孔子的批評之道至關重要，這不僅在於把握他迂回的、非辯論式的言說智慧，更重要的是從這一歷史對話中反觀自我，在自省中豐富對「直」、批評乃至整個世界的理解，走向「修身」之道。

關鍵字

「親親相隱」 ； 《論語》 ； 文本話語闡釋 ； 對話 ； 批評 ； 自省

並列摘要

The chapter of ＂Mutual Concealment among Family Members＂ in the Analects has been a focus of enormous attention. The debate on its meaning interpretation and social signification recently shows a linguistic turn, that is, to seek the true meanings of the key terms zhi and yin in the chapter. Though important and useful, the meaning exegesis of characters should not be taken as the only route to understanding language in Chinese classics. This paper endeavors to apprehend the ＂Mutual Concealment among Family Members＂ chapter and the current debate around it by means of textual-discursive analysis. It argues that this chapter is but a dialogue, between the Duke of Ye and Confucius, or, more generally, between two cultural discourses of zhi (integrity). As occurred in a lived context, this dialogue should not be regarded as a manifestation of universal truth or principle. We need to understand it sympathetically in association with lifeworld actions and experiences. To study this dialogue, it is important for us to appreciate Confucius's wisdom of critique. This is not only to learn his indirect, non-argumentative way of discoursing, but also and more importantly, to find from this historical dialogue a mirror to reflect upon self, and through our reflexivity to enrich understandings of zhi, of critique and of the world at large. With all these, we come to the Dao of xiushen (cultivation of personal character).

並列關鍵字

＂Mutual Concealment among Family Members＂ ； The Analects ； Textual-Discursive Interpretation ； Dialogue ； Critique ； Reflexivity

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