台灣河川魚體多氯聯苯之濃度調查研究

Polychlorinated Biphenyls Levels of Eights Species River Fish in Taiwan Area

王正雄(Cheng-Hsung Wang) ； 黃輝榮(Hui-Jung Huang) ； 洪文宗(Wen-Tsung Hung)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 19卷6期 (2000/12) Pp. 446-461

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH2000-19-06-05

摘要

Objective: This research was to study the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish collected from major rivers in Taiwan after 12 years of prohibiting the use of PCBs. Method: We sampled Oreochromis sp, Liza macrolepsis, Mugil cephalus, Megalops crprinoides, Chanos chanos, Channa sp., and Albula glossodonta in the following ten rivers: the Keelung River, the TaHam Chi, the Hsin Tien Stream, the Tanshui River, the Touchien Chi, the Chungkang Chi, the Potzu Chi, the Erhjen Chi, the Kaoping Chi, and the Tungkang Chi. We stabbed with a knife to collect the meat, skin, liver, eggs, and bowels of fish, which were homogenized and mixed with NaOH. The mixture was extracted with n-hexane and the solvent was evaporated to near dryness, then the mixture was cleanup through acidic silica gel column. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography, which equipped with electron capture detector. If we found samples containing any PCB, then we would confirm it by GC/MS. Result: We found that the sample of meat of Oreochromis sp. Containing PCBs (ng/g in wet wt) in the Keelung River was 17.7 ng/g, in the TaHam Chi was 19.1 ng/g, in the Hsin Tien Stream was 65.1 ng/g, in the Tanshui River was 13.2 ng/g, in the Touchien Chi was 38.5 ng/g, in the chungkang Chi was 26.8 ng/g, in the Potzu chi was 9.8 ng/g, in the Erhjen Chi was 130.1 ng/g, in the kaoping Chi was 178.8 ng/g, and in the Tungkang Chi was 26.1 ng/g. The average concentration was 67.6 ng/g(1.2-884.7 ng/g). In Keelung River, different parts of the fish contained different PCBs level, it ranked as follows: livers (207.8 ng/g) ＞ bowels (140.0 ng/g) ＞ eggs (113.0 ng/g) ＞ skin(37.1 ng/g) ＞ meat(17.7 ng/g). Among PCBs congeners detected, we found hexachoroide (No. 153, 138) was the highest in percentage, but in the concentration, we found Trichloroide (No.28) ＞ Tetrachloroide (No.77) ＞ Pentachloroide (No.118). Conclusion: The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in river fish collected from northern and central Taiwan were low, while in southern Taiwan they were mid to high. The PCBs concentration of fish meat was within ROC’s food regulation standards (1 ppm), but the liver, bowels, eggs, and skin were considered polluted. So we believe fish meat is safe to ingest but not fish liver, bowels, eggs, and skin were considered polluted. So we believe fish meat is safe to ingest but not fish liver, bowels, eggs, and skin.

關鍵字

多氯聯苯 ； 同屬物 ； 生物累積 ； 生物濃縮

並列摘要

Objective: This research was to study the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish collected from major rivers in Taiwan after 12 years of prohibiting the use of PCBs. Method: We sampled Oreochromis sp, Liza macrolepsis, Mugil cephalus, Megalops crprinoides, Chanos chanos, Channa sp., and Albula glossodonta in the following ten rivers: the Keelung River, the TaHam Chi, the Hsin Tien Stream, the Tanshui River, the Touchien Chi, the Chungkang Chi, the Potzu Chi, the Erhjen Chi, the Kaoping Chi, and the Tungkang Chi. We stabbed with a knife to collect the meat, skin, liver, eggs, and bowels of fish, which were homogenized and mixed with NaOH. The mixture was extracted with n-hexane and the solvent was evaporated to near dryness, then the mixture was cleanup through acidic silica gel column. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography, which equipped with electron capture detector. If we found samples containing any PCB, then we would confirm it by GC/MS. Result: We found that the sample of meat of Oreochromis sp. Containing PCBs (ng/g in wet wt) in the Keelung River was 17.7 ng/g, in the TaHam Chi was 19.1 ng/g, in the Hsin Tien Stream was 65.1 ng/g, in the Tanshui River was 13.2 ng/g, in the Touchien Chi was 38.5 ng/g, in the chungkang Chi was 26.8 ng/g, in the Potzu chi was 9.8 ng/g, in the Erhjen Chi was 130.1 ng/g, in the kaoping Chi was 178.8 ng/g, and in the Tungkang Chi was 26.1 ng/g. The average concentration was 67.6 ng/g(1.2-884.7 ng/g). In Keelung River, different parts of the fish contained different PCBs level, it ranked as follows: livers (207.8 ng/g) ＞ bowels (140.0 ng/g) ＞ eggs (113.0 ng/g) ＞ skin(37.1 ng/g) ＞ meat(17.7 ng/g). Among PCBs congeners detected, we found hexachoroide (No. 153, 138) was the highest in percentage, but in the concentration, we found Trichloroide (No.28) ＞ Tetrachloroide (No.77) ＞ Pentachloroide (No.118). Conclusion: The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in river fish collected from northern and central Taiwan were low, while in southern Taiwan they were mid to high. The PCBs concentration of fish meat was within ROC’s food regulation standards (1 ppm), but the liver, bowels, eggs, and skin were considered polluted. So we believe fish meat is safe to ingest but not fish liver, bowels, eggs, and skin were considered polluted. So we believe fish meat is safe to ingest but not fish liver, bowels, eggs, and skin.

並列關鍵字

polychlorinated biphenyl ； PCBs congener ； bioaccumulation ； bioconcentration