輪椅網球運動員使用不同輪圈傾角之生物力學研究

Optimal Camber Angle in Wheelchair Tennis Players

王苓華(Lin-Hua Wang)

《體育學報》 37期 (2004/09) Pp. 103-112

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0037.200409.2410

摘要

肩關節的運動傷害在輪椅運動員中，以需要衝刺驅動的運動項目發生頻率最高，除了影響其運動表現，無法獲得運動成就感，甚至造成運動意願降低，不再參與運動。因此如何改善輪椅和使用者之間的關係，乃成為非常重要之研究課題。輪椅的輪圈傾角是直接影響到輪椅驅動的介面，影響驅動輪椅所需力量，以生物力學的觀點，有必要針對適當的輪圈傾角加以釐清。本研究的主要目的是利用以影像為基礎的運動分析系統和力量力矩量則系統，來量化分析不同輪圈傾角對於輪椅網球運動員上肢驅動輪椅時，肩、肘和腕關節運動學與作用在輪圈上的推力的影響。以作為指導輪椅網球運動員操作輪椅之依據，使其能提高驅動效率，避免運動傷害，提升運動表現，達到最佳之輪椅使用狀況。3位脊髓損傷的男性參加本研究（平均年齡34.7±2.5歲，平均身高157.7±2.1公分和平均體重57±3.6公斤）。研究結果顯示，輪圈傾角的增加，會使驅動輪椅的最大推力增加，有效分力的比值變小。輪圈傾角會影響輪胎與地面的接觸面，進而造成推動動力的改變。當傾角增加時，輪子的轉動顯得較無效率－輪子需增加其轉動圈數以前進相同的距離。較大的傾角亦會增加軸承的摩擦力和輪胎的摩損。輪圈傾角對輪椅網球運動員．驅動輪椅時的操作和表現皆有顯著的影響。

關鍵字

生物力學 ； 輪椅 ； 輪圈傾角 ； 身心障礙者

並列摘要

The shoulder injury is usually occurred in wheelchair athlete, especially in some races that need speeding up. Once injury is occurred, the athlete’s performance will decrease. It will affect the athlete’s will to keep doing exercise, even worse not to do it anymore. So it is very important to understand the interaction between the wheelchair athlete and wheelchair. The camber of the rear wheel is one of the most important facts in wheelchair propulsion. However, what is the appropriate camber angle from point view of biomechanics is still unclear.
The purpose of this study was to use the motion capture system and force measuring system to quantify the kinematics and kinetics data in wrist, elbow, and shoulder at different wheel camber angle. From the results, we could know how to promote the wheelchair propulsion performance, to decrease injury possibility.
Three male suffered from spinal cord injury (SCI) participated in this study. The results showed the maximal pushrim force significantly increased with the increased camber angle, but the fraction effective force, tangential pushrim force divided by resultant pushrim force, decreased with increased camber. The camber angle may affect tire distortion and the human power stroke. As the camber angle increased, the less effective diameter of the wheels would require more revolutions to run the same distance. The increased camber increased the friction in the bearings as well as tire wear. It is therefore concluded that the camber significantly affected the handling and performance of the user in wheelchair propulsion.

並列關鍵字

Biomechanics ； wheelchair ； camber ； disabilities

參考文獻

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