賽夏語清擦音[s,ʃ]之聲學分析：一個初探性的個案研究

本研究為一個初探性個案研究，目的在於利用聲學分析賽夏語東河方言清擦音/s,ʃ/的聲學特質與發音部位，分析語料來自一位具代表性的個案發音人所錄製的一部賽夏語語音教學短片。本研究首先截取教學短片中的/s,ʃ/音，隨後利用PRAAT分析這些/s,ʃ/的頻譜能量高峰頻率，最後透過聲學分析的結果來說明賽夏語/s,ʃ/的發音部位。個案分析的結果如下：（一）/s/是一個齒化程度很高的/s/，但並非是真正的齒間音[θ]。（二）教學上賽夏語/ʃ/的發音可以用臺灣國語[c]來做類比，但賽夏語/ʃ/的舌位是比臺灣國語[c]些微前移。（三）根據聲學分析的結果，本研究修改了賽夏語/ʃ,l, r, y/等輔音的發音部位，並清楚定義「齦顎音」為何。最後，本研究針對賽夏語/s,ʃ/混讀與/s→θ/演變提出可能的語音演變假設。

關鍵字

賽夏語；擦音；聲學；客家話；齦顎音

並列摘要

This study was a preliminary case study, targeting to analyze the acoustic properties of /s,∫/ in the Donghe dialect of Saisiyat. The materials for acoustic analyses were gathered from a short pronunciation-teaching video produced by the case demonstrator representative for the Donghe dialect of Saisiyat. This study first fetched /s, ∫/ sounds from the video, then analyzed the spectral peak frequencies of the /s, ∫/ sounds by PRAAT, and finally clarified the places of articulation of /s, ∫/ sounds in Saisiyat according to the acoustic results. The results of this case study were stated as follows. First, /s/ in Saisiyat is not [θ], but is a /s/ sound with strong dentalization. Second, /∫/ in Saisiyat can be comparable to [c] in Mandarin in pronunciation teaching. However, the tongue position of /∫/ in Saisiyat is slightly more advanced than that of [c] in Mandarin. Third, according to the acoustically-analyzing results, this study revised the places of articulation of /∫,l, r, y/ in Saisiyat, and defined what ＂alveo-palatal' means. Finally, this study provides some hypotheses of sound change for /s,∫/ reading confusion and /s→θ/ variation in Saisiyat.