The prevalence of esophageal cancer has increased in recent decades, but due to the paucity of patient data, there is no consensus as to whether female patients have similar treatment responses and survival results to male patients under the same treatment protocol for esophageal cancer. Herein, we report one case of a female esophageal cancer patient treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), who achieved a complete tumor response and long-term survival. We also reviewed the literature, specifically focusing on female esophageal cancer, to identify risk factors, treatment of choice, prognostic factors, and survival outcome in women with esophageal cancer, and to explore whether there are differences in the treatment results and prognosis of esophageal cancer between men and women.