社區老人參與藝術治療懷舊團體對其生命意義與自我生命統整成效之探討

The Effect of Participation in Art therapy Reminiscence Group on the Community Elderly’s Life Meaning and Self Integrity

姚卿騰(Ching-Teng Yao) ； 陳宇嘉(Yu-Chia Chen)

《逢甲人文社會學報》 37期 (2018/12) Pp. 37-67

摘要

本研究聚焦社區老人參與藝術治療懷舊團體對其生命意義與自我生命統整成效之探討，於2017年12月至2018年4月期間，以18名65歲以上社區老人為研究對象，採類實驗研究法之等組前後測、追蹤測設計，實驗組接受每週2小時，共8次藝術治療懷舊團體之介入。研究者以「生命意義」與「自我統整」量表作為研究評估工具，進行前後測與追蹤測，以瞭解介入效果，並於團體結束後針對實驗組進行質性之半結構式深入訪談，以深入探討實驗處理之成效。研究結果顯示藝術治療懷舊團體對於社區老人在生命意義之轉化具立即與後續效果，在自我統整方面則無立即但具後續效果；在質性分析方面顯示對於社區老人生命意義的轉化依序形成「轉移關注焦點」、「改變負向思維」、「生命有新領悟」和「活在當下的生命態度」的改變知覺；於自我統整的改變則展現在「積極態度」、「肯定自我」、「計畫未來」等方面之效果。藝術治療懷舊團體對社區老人心理健康促進應是可應用的處遇策略之一，且值得加以廣泛進一步推廣與驗證。

關鍵字

社區老人 ； 藝術治療懷舊團體 ； 生命意義 ； 自我生命統整 ； 成效探討

並列摘要

This study explored the effects of participation in an art therapy reminiscence group on the community elderly's life meaning and self-integrity. Eighteen participants in the community over 65 years old and not housed in an institute participated in this quasi-experimental study from December 2017 to April 2018. The experimental group, night participants, joined a gestalt reminiscence group for 8 weeks, 2 hours per session. Both groups completed the life meaning scale and the self-integrity scale before and after the experiment. A follow-up test was conducted 4 weeks late to understand the effect of intervention. The researchers also conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews after the group, with the experimental group to further explore their group experience. The gestalt reminiscence group's pre-test scores on the life meaning measure were significantly different both immediately after conclusion of the group sessions as well as 4 weeks later. Participants' self- integrity scores were also significantly different on the follow-up-test, although no immediate effect was found. The interviews showed that group participation was perceived as alleviating the sense of life meaning in terms of transferring focus, changing negative thinking, gaining new insights of life, and having the here-and-now life attitude. The change in self-integrity was experienced in terms of 3 aspects: positive attitude, self-affirmation, and planning for the future. The art therapy reminiscence group is beneficial for mental health of the community elderly. Promotion of its wide application to elderly people and its verification deserves further exploration.

並列關鍵字

community elderly ； art therapy gestalt reminiscence group ； life meaning ； self-integrity ； effect

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