現實與科幻的交織－論大躍進時期的科幻文學

本文以大躍進及其前後時期的科幻文學作品為主要討論對象，這些作品雖屬科幻，卻深深烙下現實的時代印記。這有其特殊的原因，大躍進時期，外有太空探索技術的突破，內有毛澤東相關談話的鼓勵，且在權力操作之下，在急切求速成的集體期望中，希望「技術革命」能以群眾運動方式啟動，從而使技術崇拜的潛意識被激化、甚而顯化，讓現實語境變得科幻起來，諸多「新技術」、不可思議的生產數字，以「放衛星」之名出現於當下。這些都影響科幻文學的生產，大量以太空探索為題材，具有科普性質的科幻作品產出是當時現象之一；貼合現實題材，以開荒、食物生產為背景的科幻作品，亦是當時主要題材；隨著「放衛星」的衍義擴大，巨數出現，這些科幻作品同樣也在作品中表現巨數、「新技術」及「新發明」的成就，因而成為當時科幻作品的特徵。文學的生產，自然離不開現實的語境。但當現實語境也變得科幻時，科幻作品也現實起來，相互交織，為那個特殊的時代，留下深刻的印記。

關鍵字

科幻；大躍進；現實；互文；放衛星

並列摘要

In this study, the science fiction works in the Great Leap Forward are investigated. Those works are not total science fiction but with some realities. There is a special reason. During the Great Leap Forward, there were not only breakthroughs in space exploration technology but also encouragement from Mao Zedong. With power game and eagerness for fast track, ＂technology revolution＂ was hoped to start by communal campaign. It evoked and intensified people's worship toward echnology and made realistic context become science fiction. For example, many ＂new techniques＂, unbelievable production amount, and ＂Satellite (Fang WeiXing).＂ It also affected the Science Fiction works, which used space exploration as its subject. Many Popular Science fictions were published. Reclamation and food production were also the main subjects of the literature in that time. With the meaning of word ＂Satellite (FangWeiXing)＂ extended and ＂huge number＂ appeared, those concepts like ＂new techniques＂ and ＂huge number＂ were also put in those Science Fiction works, becoming the trait of them. Literature always connects to the language context. While realistic context becomes science fiction, the science fiction works would become realistic. It became the trait of the special time.