即凡而聖－從釋證嚴的修行理論談人間佛教的儒佛會通

The Secular as Sacred --Confucian-Buddhist Interoperability in the Engaged Buddhism of Master Cheng Yen's Self-cultivation Theory

林素芬(Lin, Su-Fen)

《慈濟大學人文社會科學學刊》 24期 (2019/06) Pp. 222-260

https://doi.org/10.29650/TCUJHSS.201906_(24).0008

摘要

當代在台灣興行的「人間佛教」，是一個醒目的新宗教現象；其發起之初，即與儒學傳統有所淵源。本文以台灣三大人間佛教宗教團體中，最重視推動慈善事業的慈濟教團，及其領導人證嚴法師的宣教記錄，作為研究範圍；研究之主軸，集中於個人修身與入世實踐的論述，探討證嚴法師如何援用儒學語彙作為教諭，及其在佛教史上的意義。慈濟教團起源於儒家社會。證嚴法師宣教上援用儒家修身理論，頗為顯著。本文指出，人間佛教深受儒家的淑世精神影響，證嚴法師亦運用儒家思想，做為開顯真實之道的方便門，而主於實踐，推動以慈善救濟為修行法門，引導慈濟人行走菩薩道，與時俱進，與世相偕，與儒家「即凡而聖」的修身路徑，可謂異曲同工。本文論證證嚴提倡以社會參與、走入人群作為修行法門，真正實現了太虛的入世期許；此一路徑與其重視儒家思想極有關係，也豁顯出人間佛教的創新價值。

關鍵字

慈濟 ； 儒家 ； 證嚴法師 ； 人間佛教 ； 儒佛會通

並列摘要

The Engaged Buddhism popular in contemporary Taiwan has many aspects in common with Confucian tradition, and this development in Buddhism has a history of about one hundred years, originating with Master Taixu (1890-1947). From the perspective of Confucian and Buddhist thought, this paper considers the activities of Tzu Chi, the largest and most socially-engaged of Taiwan's Buddhist organizations, and the teachings of its founder, Master Cheng Yen (1937-). The study explores ways in which Engaged Buddhism supports Confucian methods of self-cultivation as it faces its own contemporary challenges. Tzu Chi took form within Confucian society, and Confucian self-cultivation theory has greatly influenced the teachings of Master Cheng Yen. This article shows how Engaged Buddhism is deeply influenced by the secular spirit of Confucianism, and how Master Yan Zheng uses Confucian thought as the ＂door for teachings to enter the world,＂ so that charitable deeds become the way for members of Tzu Chi to walk the path of a Bodhisattva. This is the aim of the way where ＂the provisional has many doors, with only one road back to the beginning;＂ and teachings for the human world ultimately return to the aim of a departure from the human realm, while also showing Engaged Buddhism's creative ideas.

並列關鍵字

Tzu Chi ； Confucianism ； Engaged Buddhism ； Master Cheng Yen ； The Confucian-Buddhist Connection

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