臺南血盆儀式及其宗教觀之研究

臺南保存著許多傳統廟會文化，地方居民對宗教信仰深植人心，其宗教文化在民間被保存延用傳承。女性懷孕生子時相當艱辛，經歷十月懷胎才能夠順利生產；但遇產亡悲劇時則以喪事收場。據傳「產婦落血池」業報輪迴報應之說，橫死孕婦浸泡血池地獄無法超生，須延請僧、道為亡婦舉辦打血盆儀式，讓亡者脫離浸泡血池痛苦，家屬獲得心靈安撫效果。本研究臺南人遇到產亡時，聘請佛、道教儀式的專家，以不同血盆儀式超薦亡者，屬於地方民間信仰之一；首先探討血盆成因及起源，經由田野調查現場實際觀察佛、道教血盆儀式，存在何種實質功能及影響。臺南民間舉行血盆儀式，能否看出不同超渡祭祀亡者方面，蘊藏那些差異性及變化性。分析臺南佛教及道教的血盆儀式，存在那些不同宗教觀為本篇探討重點。

關鍵字

血盆；血湖；產亡；儀式；宗教觀

並列摘要

Many traditional religious activities and cultures of temples are preserved in Tainan, where religious beliefs are deeply rooted in the local residents and their religious culture was preserved and passed on to the next generation. Pregnancy and labor are risky for women. After ten months of pregnancy, women in labor might give birth to healthy babies or end up dead tragically. Some people believe that the karma theory applies to those die from childbirth and that ＂these women fall in blood basin in the hell＂ so that they cannot reincarnate. Therefore Buddhist monks or Taoist priests are invited to hold ceremonies of breaking the blood basin to save the deceased from blood basin and to comfort other family members. For people in Tainan, after death from childbirth occurs, family members would invite professionals in Buddhist or Taoist ceremonies to perform their rite of blood basin to comfort the deceased. It is a part of local folk beliefs. In this study, the researcher tried to identify the origin and cause of blood basin through field research of Buddhist or Taoist ceremonies for blood basin. The substantive function and influence were also recorded. The researcher would also like to identify the differences between the two blood basin ceremonies in Tainan regarding the aspect of expiating the sins of the deceased. Another focus of this study is to analyze Buddhist or Taoist ceremonies for blood basin to understand their different religious views.