台灣農村勞動力短缺與前瞻對策分析「租地．雇農」方案的提出

Analysis on the Shortage of Rural Labor Force in Taiwan and Its Prospective Countermeasures--The Proposal of ＂Renting Land and Employing Farmers＂

練卜鳴(Bu-Ming Lian)

《華人經濟研究》 18卷2期 (2020/09) Pp. 81-90

摘要

根據台灣主計總處2010年農林漁牧業普查結果顯示，台灣從事農林漁牧業之經營管理者，有愈趨高齡化的現象。以720,345家農牧戶為例，其經營管理者平均年齡62.04歲，超過65歲以上的比例高達44%，且小學以下教育程度的比例則超過54%。顯見台灣農業勞動力問題日益嚴峻，農村勞動力僅免強依賴老人、外籍新娘、逃逸外勞等，然而我農政官員、學者專家的思維模式，依然侷限在產業調整、勞動力的招募與調度訓練、開放農業外勞等，實有必要提出大膽創新的對策，因之筆者再次提出「租地．雇農」的構想，由政府擔任公法人向農民租賃土地，及給付農民工資，收益後的農產品數量、金額超過某一比例，則課徵農產品交易稅，這樣留守農村務農的農民即可享有「租金」收入、及保障其最低工資，農民有了生活的最基本保障，如此才能提高農民務農意願，這才是標本兼治，改善農村勞動力短缺的有效對策。

關鍵字

主力農家 ； 農村再生 ； 小地主大佃農 ； 無條件基本收入 ； 租地雇農

並列摘要

According to the results of the 2010 general survey of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and animal husbandry in Taiwan, the managers engaged in agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry in Taiwan are getting older and older. Taking 720,345 farmers and herdsmen as an example, the average age of their managers is 62.04 years old, and the proportion of over 65 years old is as high as 44%, and the proportion of education below primary school is more than 54%. It is obvious that the problem of agricultural labor force in Taiwan is increasingly serious. Rural labor force only needs to rely on the elderly, foreign brides, and escape foreign workers. However, the thinking mode of agricultural officials and scholars and experts is still limited to industrial adjustment, labor recruitment and scheduling training, and opening up agricultural foreign labor. It is necessary to put forward bold and innovative countermeasures. Therefore, the author proposes ＂renting land and employing farmers＂ .The idea is that the government acts as a public lawmaker to lease land to farmers and pay them wages. If the quantity and amount of agricultural products after the income exceeds a certain proportion, the agricultural products transaction tax will be levied. In this way, the farmers left behind in rural areas can enjoy the ＂rent＂ income and guarantee their minimum wage. Only in this way can the farmers' willingness to work in agriculture be improved It is the effective countermeasures to solve the problem and improve the shortage of rural labor force.

並列關鍵字

Main Farmers ； Rural Regeneration ； Small Landlords and Large Tenants ； Unconditional Basic Income ； Renting Land and Employing Farmers