玉觀彬與太虛大師及民國時期韓中佛教交流

Og Gwan-bin, Master Tai Xu and the Korean-Chinese Buddhism Exchange during the Republic of China

朴永煥(Park, Young-hwan)

《玄奘佛學研究》 32期 (2019/09) Pp. 1-31

摘要

玉觀彬（1891－1933）韓國獨立運動家。1911年他牽涉到以基督徒為主導的民族主義運動「105人事件」，被判入獄。此為3.1民族獨立運動的前身活動。3.1獨立運動之後，他立即亡命到上海，參與臨時政府活動。後來他皈依太虛大師，又提出科學提煉，改良國藥，晚年他的精力集中于佛慈藥廠。然韓國人嫌疑他是日本密探，至1933年被韓國無政府主義團體暗殺身亡。他一生複雜曲折，從韓國籍到中國籍；從基督教到佛教；從獨立運動家到被為韓奸的嫌疑。本文探討韓、中兩國學術界的不同理解與看法，以及其中尚未討論的研究領域。首先根據當時日本官方資料以及韓國《宜寧玉氏大同譜》等資料，考證並補充了他祖籍是韓國。與此同時，探討玉觀彬與太虛大師密切的關係，他積極幫助與支持太虛推動佛教改革運動和人間佛教運動。玉觀彬創設佛慈藥廠主要動機：他不僅為製造良藥救濟平民，幫助無產階級，同時弘揚佛教的事業，計劃建立普法教團。此外，玉觀彬曾為重建高麗大覺國師義天重修的杭州高麗寺，而四處奔走努力，積極推進將高麗寺重建為面向未來韓中佛教交流核心的計劃。總之，他對於近現代中國佛教界的重要貢獻以及人間佛教思想打下基礎，在近代韓中佛教交流過程中玉觀彬扮演了極其重要的作用。

關鍵字

玉觀彬生平 ； 太虛大師 ； 佛教改革運動 ； 佛慈藥廠 ； 高麗寺

並列摘要

Og Gwan-bin (1891-1933), a Korean independence activist, was sentenced to jail by the Japanese colonial government for his involvement in ＂105 People Incident＂, a predominantly Christian nationalist movement in 1911. This movement had laid the bedrock for the ＂March-First Movement＂ of 1919 for national independence. After the ＂March-First Movement＂, Og rushed to Shanghai as an exile where he got involved with the Korean interim government. Afterwards, Og converted to Buddhism and became a disciple of Master Taixu. Their collaboration aimed at the reformation of Buddhism, and in later years Og's medical company Fo Ci (佛慈) commercialized the improvement of the Chinese medicine adapting scientific methods of refining treatments. However, Korean anarchist clique suspected Og of espionage for the Japanese and assassinated him in public. His complicated life was overshadowed by changing identities: from Korean nationalist to Chinese citizen by choice, from Christian agitator to Buddhist reformist, and from independence activist to suspected traitor of his native Korea. Foregrounding Og Gwan-bin's changing roles, this paper aims to reconcile partisan debates between Chinese and Korean scholars, each claiming the resourceful innovator for their nation. For example, according to the Japanese imperialism document at the time and the book of South Korea's ＂Uiryeong Og Si Daedongbo＂, it was verified and supplemented that his ancestral home is Korea. At the same time, this paper explores his close relationship with the master of Taixu, such as his active help and support for the Buddhist reform movement promoted by Taixu, and the humanistic Buddhism. Moreover, this article talked about the main motive of Og's creation of medical company Fo Ci (佛慈). It was for not only helping the civilians and the proletariat, but also promoting the spread of Buddhism. In addition, Og Guan-bin had worked hard to rebuild the Hangzhou Goryeo-sa, which was built by the Daegakguksa Ui-cheon of the Goryeo Dynasty, and has actively promoted the reconstruction of the Goryeo-sa into a future-oriented Korean-Chinese Buddhist exchange. In short, he laid the foundation for the important contribution of the modern Chinese Buddhist community and the humanistic buddhism thoughts. In the process of modern Korean-Chinese Buddhist exchanges, Og Guan-bin played an extremely important role.

並列關鍵字

Og Gwan-bin ancestral home ； Master Taixu ； Reformation of Buddhism ； medical company Fo Ci ； Goryeo-sa

參考文獻

黄夏年(2008)。近代中韓兩國佛教友好交往的使者—玉慧觀。玄奘佛學研究。10

〈佛教制藥公司簡章〉，〈佛教匯報〉，《佛教》第31 號，佛教社，1927年1 月。

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