新時期馬原、色波小說中的藏族宗教謎影

新時期的藏族主題小說，除了藏族作家扎西達娃的文壇成就外，另有漢族作家馬原，以及具有漢、藏、土家、苗族四族血統的作家色波的精采之作，他們兩人的小說皆因特殊的形式風格而被歸為先鋒文學。然而，評論界在探討他們受到外國文學影響的先鋒特色時，卻甚少有人論及潛藏於其中的藏族宗教文化。改革開放後才進入西藏工作的兩人，在藏地感受到「再弘期」的宗教氛圍，深化了小說的詮釋空間，且在藏族神話幾乎等同於藏傳佛教宗教文化的情況下，兩位外來者以獨特的文學形式與內容「重述」藏地神話，恰也無意中貼合了藏地的神秘感。1980年代，馬原與色波，從漢地到藏地、從無神到有神文化空間的變遷，讓他們以充滿距離感卻又迷魅的小說風格揭示潛藏於其中的人生體會與觀察。

關鍵字

新時期文學；藏族小說；神話；藏傳佛教；宗教謎影

並列摘要

In addition to the Tibetan writer Tashi Dawa who are well-known in the literary world of Contemporary China, the Han writers Ma Yuan and the writer Se Bo who have the bloodlines of the Han, Tibetan, Tujia and Miao ethnic groups have their brilliant works with the Tibetan themes as well which are classified as the vanguard literature for their special style in the form. However, when the critics explored their vanguard characteristics which are influenced by foreign literature, few have talked about the Tibetan religious culture hidden in them. Ma Yuan and SeBo took their jobs in Tibet after the initiation of reform and opening up and felt the religious atmosphere of ＂re-promotion period＂ in Tibetan areas which have deepen the interpretation space of their novel. In the case that Tibetan mythology is almost equivalent to Tibetan Buddhist religious culture, they as outsiders of the Tibet ＂retold＂ the Tibetan myths with unique literary forms and contents and unintentionally fitted the mystery of the Tibetan areas. In the 1980s, after going to the Tibetan areas from the Han nationality areas and hence experiencing the change of cultural space from the atheism to the theism, Ma Yuan and SeBo created novels with strong sense of distance and illusive charm and tried to reveal the life experience and observation hidden in them.