高齡者自我效能、自尊對憂鬱傾向之影響：雲林縣兩沿海鄉鎮的現況

The Impact of Self-efficacy and Self-esteem on Older Adults Depression: Looking at the Current Situation of Two Coastal Villages in Yunlin County

梁明皓(Liang, M. H.) ； 魏惠娟(Wei, H. C.) ； 郭書馨(Kuo, S. H.)

《福祉科技與服務管理學刊》 8卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 100-116

https://doi.org/10.6283/JOCSG.202006_8(2).100

摘要

憂鬱是高齡族群常見的心理失衡問題之一，不僅會影響老年人的情緒，也會影響老年人的身體健康，高齡憂鬱傾向的早期防治便成為重要的公共衛生議題，而在生理、與社會角色關係落差巨大的老年期中，由於個人所具有資源不斷流失，依賴他人協助的需求增加，均可能對自我效能與自尊造成負向影響，增加憂鬱、焦慮等消極情緒的風險。據此，本研究目的在於探討鄉村中、高齡者的憂鬱傾向，以及自尊、自我效能對憂鬱的影響，針對雲林縣臺西鄉、四湖鄉55歲以上的中高齡及高齡者，以問卷調查方式進行資料蒐集，有效問卷143份，男性47份，女性96份，透過變異數分析與迴歸分析等方式進行資料分析。根據研究結果發現，臺西鄉與四湖鄉兩地區的高齡憂鬱傾向偏高。此外，年齡較高、經濟及健康狀況不佳、未曾參與樂齡學習者，其自尊與自我效能程度較低，且具有較高的憂鬱傾向；且從迴歸分析中發現，提升個人自尊與自我效能，將能降低個人的憂鬱傾向。據此，本研究認為除了加強對於健康、經濟狀況不佳的高齡者提供主動的支持服務外，透過鼓勵參與樂齡學習也是有助於提升其自尊與自我效能，降低憂鬱情形的重要策略。

關鍵字

鄉村高齡者 ； 自尊 ； 自我效能 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

Depression is one of the most common psychological imbalances affecting older people. Depression not only affects the emotions, but also affects physical health. The early prevention and treatment of depression in the older adults who has become an important public health issue. For many older adults, old age exacerbates relationship gaps, as constant loss of resources and the need to rely on others for assistance combined to negatively affect self-efficacy and self-esteem, thus increasing the risk of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to explore the depression indicators for middle-aged and older adults living in rural areas and the impact of self-esteem and self-efficacy on depression. Study subjects were persons aged over 55 years living in Taixi Township and Sihu Township, both located in Yunlin County. Data collection was conducted by questionnaire survey. There were 143 valid questionnaires, and among the valid responses, there were 47 males and 96 females. Data analysis was performed by variance analysis and regression analysis. According to the results of the study, it was found that there were higher rates of depression in Taixi and Sihu Township. Additionally, those who were older, lower-income, suffering from health conditions, or who did not participate in senior learning programs reported lower self-efficacy and self-esteem. Lower self-efficacy and self-esteem caused higher likelihood of depression. Regression analysis showed that improving personal self-esteem and self-efficacy will result in lower likelihood of developing depression. Based on these results, this study believes that in addition to providing proactive support services for older adults with poor health and economic conditions, encouraging participation in senior learning programs is also an important strategy to help improve their self-esteem and self-efficacy and ultimately reduce the rate of depression.

並列關鍵字

older adults ； self-esteem ； self-efficacy ； depression