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  • 學位論文

應用有限元素套裝軟體ABAQUS於結構非線性最佳化

Application of Finite Element Package ABAQUS in Nonlinear Structural Optimization

指導教授 : 呂良正

摘要


過往對於結構拓樸最佳化的研究,多集中於材料為彈性狀態下的線性分析,且不考慮結構因受大變形而產生的非線性效果,即不考慮材料非線性與幾何非線性。但現實生活中卻難以有如此理想的材料與力學行為反應。而在進行非線性有限元素分析時,若自行撰寫分析程式,將耗費很長的時間,並且分析領域與方式也會較為侷限。因此本研究使用施可葳(2013)與陳俊穎(2016)所開發的最佳化系統作為最佳化設計工具,將結構分析部份交由有限元素套裝軟體ABAQUS,並以MATLAB為主程式進行最佳化演算法的迭代與分析。本研究將固體等向性懲罰函數法(SIMP)寫入本程式,並進行例題的分析與驗證;此外本研究將應用的範圍擴充至結構的幾何與材料非線性拓樸最佳化中。 在幾何非線性拓樸最佳化中透過例題分析可判斷SIMP方法適用於幾何非線性拓樸最佳化,並且在敏感度因子分析時結合有限元素軟體ABAQUS只需要取出元素能量與體積即可完成計算。由最佳化結果可見兩者差別顯著,但由於此方法中的懲罰係數數值在有限元素分析時會對分析結果有很大的影響,不宜使用過大的懲罰係數值。而在最佳化的過程中,有時會因為設計變數迭代的結果不佳,而使得分析時收斂失敗,本研究將其改回線性分析,再繼續進行下一輪的迭代,並且由結果可以發現使用少量的線性分析對於幾何非線性拓樸最佳化沒有太大的影響。在材料非線性分析上,使用SIMP方法計算敏感度因子時所需的參數則較為複雜,計算的時間也相對較多,但對於最後拓樸出來的結果,進行力量位移關係比較,亦可以確認在考慮彈塑性材料拓樸最佳化之結果,在目標加載時結果亦會較彈性材料最佳化結果佳,符合預期結果。

並列摘要


The past research of structural topology optimization mostly focuses on the linear analysis in elastic state of the material, and the nonlinear effect of the structure due to large deformation is not be considered, that is, the material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity are not taken into account. However, in real life it is difficult to have such ideal material and mechanical behavior. When doing nonlinear finite element analysis, it will take a long time to code our own analysis program, and the analysis of the field and method will be more limited. Therefore, in this research we use the optimization system developed by Shi (2013) and Chen (2016) as the optimization design tool to carry out topology optimization. In this optimization system, structural analysis has been done by commercial software ABAQUS. And MATLAB is used to do the iteration. In this study, the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization is applied to the optimization system. Besides, the research will extend the system to nonlinear structural topology optimization.   In geometric nonlinear topology optimization, by doing examples from past research, we can make sure that the SIMP method can be used in the geometric nonlinear topology optimization. In sensitivity number analysis, it is very simple to calculate by taking energy and volume from ABAQUS. In optimization result, it is significant to verify the difference between linear topology optimization and geometric nonlinear topology optimization. Because the penalty in SIMP will affect the structure analysis in iteration, it is not appropriate to use excessive penalty value. In the process of optimization, sometimes the structure will have poor performance, it will make finite element analysis fail. To deal with this problem, this study change the nonlinear analysis back to linear analysis, and continue the next round of iteration. From the result, we can find that a few linear analysis in geometric nonlinear topology optimization cannot significantly change the shape of topology optimization. In material nonlinear optimization it is more difficult to calculate the sensitivity number and will take more time. In optimization result, we cannot verify the difference between linear and material nonlinear topology optimization easily. In force-displacement diagram, we can ensure that the material nonlinear optimization result will have a better performance than linear optimization result! Keywords: Structural optimization, Topology optimization, Material nonlinearity, Geometric nonlinearity ,Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization

參考文獻


王建凱(2005),應用有限元素套裝軟體ABAQUS於結構最佳化演進,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
李宗豪(2005),以有限元素套裝軟體為分析引擎之最佳化設計系統架構開發,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
施可葳(2013),元素交換法於結構拓樸最佳化之改良與應用,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
陳俊穎(2016),應用元素交換法於三維結構拓樸最佳化,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
邱義汎(2016),結合梁、柱元素之開孔結構最佳化設計,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。

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