透水面積比例對環境微氣候之影響：以中興新村南核心區為例

中興新村係以英人霍華德的花園城市（garden city）概念規劃，為臺灣戰後第一個參考歐美新市鎮型態而建設的住宅社區，目前政府計畫將中興新村轉型為高等研究園區，同時落實生態城市概念，規劃中預計以科學方法慎重的處理區域內之風環境，本研究以中興新村為案例，利用計算流體力學（CFD, computational fluid dynamics）進行環境分析，並以實際量測都市風場、植栽風速衰減趨勢以及透水鋪面熱通量作為CFD之驗證，針對「街道尺度」、「透水鋪面百分比」以及「植栽」等環境變因對環境微氣候的影響探討，以模擬運算結果進行分析，並回饋至生態城市的綜合規劃流程中，部份研究結果可知，當透水面積比例達60%以上時，周邊硬鋪面表面溫度可降低約1℃，透水鋪面表面溫度則可降3℃，當透水鋪面百分比達100%以上時，硬鋪面表面溫度可降低約2℃；另外，關於風流況模式的結果顯示，街道尺度越小街谷內易產生漩渦，街道尺度越大建築物週邊易產生漩渦，此兩種現象汙染物較不易排出；就植栽對微氣候之影響而言，葉面積密度越大，氣流穿透植栽之滲透性越低，但植栽周邊因遮蔽效應，地表溫度仍較無樹時低。

關鍵字

街道尺度；計算流體力學；植栽孔隙率；透水鋪面

並列摘要

The Jhong Sing Village plan is based on the concept of a garden city originated by Howard E. The plan is still well conserved as considered an exemplary project, which is the first township built in Taiwan by based on the model of a western city in Taiwan. At present, the government is planning to regenerate the village as an advanced research park with the while conservation retaining of the existing city pattern and well environment meanwhile to achieving the concept of an ecological city. The entire plan, wind environment in the village is carefully assessed using by means of a scientific technique. This investigation selects the Jhong Sing Village as a study target and uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the environment based upon the validation of a field experiment, including the urban wind environment, the effect of wind effect on trees influence, and the heat flux of pervious pavement. Analytical results show that 60% of pervious pavement can reduce air temperature by approximately 1°C above the solid pavement. The same conditions can reduce air temperature by 3°C above the pervious pavement. When all pavement is pervious, the temperature reduction can reach approximately 2°C. Furthermore, simulation results regarding to more findings on the wind patterns show that small street aspect ratio easily has a recirculation in the middle of the street. Similar conditions exist in the building proximity with large street scale. Under these conditions, pollutant removal is difficult. Moreover, a high density of leaf area density may reduce the infiltration rate of tree crown. However, due to the shading effect, the underneath of the trees has lowerground temperatures than no tree at the surroundings.